工业废弃地再开发的可持续性评价方法回顾

可持续发展取得共识后,可持续性评价工具大量出现,工业废弃地再开发中也广泛应用.根据对可持续性理解的不同,工业废弃地再开发的可持续性评价方法可以分为目标驱动型和过程驱动型两大类型:目标驱动型往往扩展为"目标-指标评价法",而且根据目标的差异,可以分为单项和综合方法,后者可分为制度性和参与性框架,参与性框架又可以分为自上而下型和自下而上型;过程驱动型包括SEA驱动型和EIA驱动型,前者往往与相关的土地规划有关,后者通常以项目为基础.总之,工业废弃地再开发可持续性评价方法的演进与其基础理论演变和社会变化有密切关系,一方面日益与开发和决策过程相结合,另一方面也更加关注公共参与.借鉴各国工业废弃地可持续再开发的经验,把握可持续性评价的发展趋势,将促进我国城市土地资源的可持续利用,有利于构建"资源集约型"、"环境友好型"的循环型社会.     

Nano-oxides washcoat for enhanced catalytic oxidation activity toward the perovskite-based monolithic catalyst

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to explore a superior washcoat material to give full play to the catalytic activity of perovskite active components on the monolithic...     

臭氧与过氧化钙协同降解甲基红废水

对单独臭氧（O₃）、臭氧与过氧化钙（O₃/CaO₂）联用技术降解甲基红染料废水进行了研究,考察了O₃流量、温度、废水初始pH值、CaO₂投加量、处理时间以及不同水基质等因素对甲基红降解效果的影响.结果表明,在O₃流量为48L/h,温度为26℃,初始pH值为6.2的纯水中降解10min,单独O₃处理对甲基红的降解率为86.1%.在此条件下投加CaO₂,投加量为6.9mmol/L时,O₃/CaO₂联用技术对甲基红废水的脱色率可达到94%.水基质中草酸的存在并不会对O₃/CaO₂联用体系的降解作用造成抑制.O₃/CaO₂联用体系在多种复杂水基质中都能达到较好的脱色效果.通过对比试验发现,O₃/CaO₂联用对甲基红的降解起协同作用,CaO₂不仅可以产生H₂O₂促进染料被O₃降解,而且CaO₂的吸附作用也有利于染料和污染物质的氧化去除.该联用工艺可高效地去除印染废水的色度,达到出水水质处理标准.     

The effects of current water management practices on methane emissions in Japanese rice cultivation

Cultivated wetland rice fields are a source of methane (CH₄) emissions. To estimate CH₄ emissions and develop policies to reduce such emissions, information on water management at the farm level is crucial. It is known that farmers implement midseason drainage (MD) to increase rice yields and save water. However, little is known about whether MD is carried out in soils where CH₄ emissions are high and how part-time status will influence management. The objective of this study is to identify factors that determine MD implementation using a binomial logistic regression model based on a farm-level survey in Japan and to indicate possible changes in estimates of CH₄ emissions, accounting for current water management practices. The implementation rates were significantly higher where the soil types were classified as having the potential for high CH₄ emissions. Under current water management practices, the duration of MD and the percentage of continuous flooding were 5 to 7 days longer and approximately 7 % higher, respectively, than the values used by the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, which in turn are used to report greenhouse gas emissions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. By accounting for current water conditions with the Tier 2 method, this study indicates that national estimates of CH₄ emissions from rice straw application areas could be lowered by 12.7 %. These results may contribute to the development of a mitigation policy that will help to further reduce CH₄ emissions.     

海洋环境沉积物中氯霉素残留量的测定

应用高效液相色谱法测定海洋环境沉积物中的氯霉素残留.本方法的线性范围是0.5 ×10-9 ～ 5 ×10-9,其相关系数为0.997,最低检出浓度为0.09 ×10-9,回收率在85.1% ～ 95.8%之间,相对标准偏差小于3.6%.该方法快速、灵敏、定量范围宽,检测结果准确可靠,应用性强.     

光合细菌对高浓度味精废水处理效果的影响

主要是在改进型SBR反应器中利用光合细菌来处理味精废水,即在传统的SBR反应器中加入半软性填料,研究光合细菌的两种代谢方式对味精废水COD的去除率影响和从味精废水生物处理反应器活性污泥和生物膜中富集分离光合细菌,结合光合细菌的细胞结构特点和代谢方式讨论其对活性污泥絮凝性能的影响。研究结果表明:在黑暗系统中,处理味精废水活性污泥絮凝性能较光照系统中的活性污泥絮凝性能相对有较大的提高;在黑暗条件下,光合细菌被强制进行有氧呼吸代谢方式,这样可以提高味精废水生物处理构筑物的有机物降解速率,出水COD优于光照好氧条件下的出水也比较清亮,有机物的去除率也有所提高。     

钾肥对土壤-辣椒体系中铅生物有效性的影响

在重金属中、轻度污染的土壤土,开展施肥对蔬菜安全生产的研究,对于减少重金属进入食物链、提高农产品的安全性具有重要意义。因此,本研究采用盆栽试验,探讨了不同用量的硫酸钾和氯化钾对辣椒（Capsicum annuum L．）吸收、累积铅的效应及对土壤铅植物有效性的影响。结果表明,硫酸钾能显著促进辣椒生长,降低辣椒根、茎叶及果实中铅含量,土壤有效态铅含量亦随着硫酸钾用量的增加而有所降低;低用量的氯化钾也能促进辣椒的生长,但随着氯化钾用量的增加,辣椒各部分生物量反而降低,其茎叶和果实铅含量也显著增加,而土壤DTPA-Pb含量则没有明显的变化趋势。因此,硫酸钾在控制辣椒吸收重金属铅方面较氯化钾有较好的效果,在类似铅污染农田中可以成为保障辣椒安全生产的简单易行、经济实惠的农艺措施。     

一体式膜生物反应器中环境条件对混合液粘度的影响研究

文章研究了一体式膜生物反应器中环境条件对混合液粘度的影响,以及混合液粘度对膜过滤阻力的影响。试验结果表明：混合液的粘度主要是由胞外聚合物引起的;混合液粘度随着胞外聚合物含量的变化而变化;混合液粘度与各操作条件之间存在一定的关系U=1．586（MESS）^0．614T^-0.106（DO）^0.4697;混合液粘度与膜过滤阻力有较好的相关性。     

阳离子聚合物改性膨润土对六价铬的吸附特性研究

采用阳离子聚合物聚环氧氯丙烷二甲铵（EPIDMA）和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）分别对钠基膨润土进行了改性,研究了改性膨润土吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的主要影响因素.结果表明,膨润土经阳离子聚合物改性处理后,吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的能力提高了5倍以上.改性膨润土所使用的阳离子聚合物量、阳离子聚合物/膨润土的投加量、溶液pH值、温度、振荡时间影响其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为.阳离子聚合物负载量分别为99.6 mg/g的EPIDMA/Bt和55.1 mg/g的PDMDAAC/Bt,在20℃、pH=4.0的溶液中,投加量为10 g/L反应120 min时,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量分别为0.71 mg/g和0.56 mg/g.EPIDMA/Bt和PDMDAAC/Bt对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合伪二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模式.     

Catalytic oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury by nano-Fe2O3

Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by nano-Fe2O3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the e ects of oxygen concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg0 could be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe2O3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe2O3. Among the factors that a ect Hg0 oxidation by nano-Fe2O3, bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C, however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower e ciency of Hg0 oxidation. The increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency. No obvious mercury oxidation was detected in the pure N2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The presence of water vapour showed di erent e ects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation.