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821.
Zeid A. ALOthman Mu Naushad Rahmat Ali 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):3351-3365
A particular agricultural waste, peanut shell, has been used as precursor for activated carbon production by chemical activation with H3PO4. Unoxidized activated carbon was prepared in nitrogen atmosphere which was then heated in air at a desired temperature to get oxidized activated carbon. The prepared carbons were characterized for surface area, surface morphology, and pore volume and utilized for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Batch mode experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, contact time, particle size, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of adsorbate, and temperature on the adsorption of Cr(VI). Cr(VI) adsorption was significantly dependent on solution pH, and the optimum adsorption was observed at pH 2. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were used to analyze the kinetic data obtained at different initial Cr(VI) concentrations. The adsorption kinetic data were described very well by the pseudo-second-order model. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The results showed that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model fitted the data better in the temperature range studied. The adsorption capacity which was found to increase with temperature showed the endothermic nature of Cr(VI) adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibb’s Free energy change (ΔG°), standard enthalpy change (ΔH°), and standard entropy change (ΔS°) were evaluated. 相似文献
822.
5-Aminolevulinic acid ameliorates cadmium-induced morphological, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes in seedlings of oilseed rape 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Basharat Ali C. R. Huang Z. Y. Qi Shafaqat Ali M. K. Daud X. X. Geng H. B. Liu W. J. Zhou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7256-7267
Due to its prolific growth, oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) can be grown successfully for phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils. Nowadays, use of plant growth regulators against heavy metals stress is one of the major objectives of researchers. The present study evaluates the ameliorate effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA, 0, 0.4, 2, and 10 mg/l) on the growth of oilseed rape (B. napus L. cv. ZS 758) seedlings under Cd stress (0, 100, and 500 μM). Results have shown that Cd stress hampered the seedling growth by decreasing the radical and hypocotyls length, shoot and root biomass, chlorophyll content, and antioxidants enzymes. On the other hand, Cd stress increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and production of H2O2 and accumulation of Cd in the shoots. The microscopic study of leaf mesophyll cells showed that toxicity of Cd totally destroyed the whole cell structure, and accumulation of Cd also appeared in micrographs. Application of ALA at lower dosage (2 mg/l) enhanced the seedling growth and biomass. The results showed that 2 mg/l ALA significantly improved chlorophyll content under Cd stress and decreased the level of Cd contents in shoots. Application of ALA reduced the MDA and H2O2 levels in the cotyledons. The antioxidants enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase) enhanced their activities significantly with the application of 2 mg/l ALA under Cd stress. This study also indicated that higher dosage of ALA (10 mg/l) imposed the negative effect on the growth of oilseed rape. Microscopic study showed that application of ALA alleviated the toxic effects of Cd in the mesophyll cell and improved the cell structure. Use of 2 mg/l ALA under 500 μM Cd was found to be more effective, and under this dosage, cell structure was clear, with obvious cell wall and cell membrane as well as a big nucleus, which was found with well-developed two or more nucleoli. Chloroplast was almost round in shape and contained thylakoids membranes and grana, but starch grains were not found in chloroplast comparatively to other treatments. On the basis of our results, we can conclude that ALA has a promotive effect which could improve plant survival under Cd stress. 相似文献
823.
Ali Karami Steffen Keiter Henner Hollert Simon C. Courtenay 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1586-1595
This study represents a first attempt at applying a fuzzy inference system (FIS) and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to the field of aquatic biomonitoring for classification of the dosage and time of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) injection through selected biomarkers in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were injected either intramuscularly (i.m.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with BaP. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, relative visceral fat weights (LSI), and four biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) concentrations were used as the inputs in the modeling study. Contradictory rules in FIS and ANFIS models appeared after conversion of bioassay results into human language (rule-based system). A “data trimming” approach was proposed to eliminate the conflicts prior to fuzzification. However, the model produced was relevant only to relatively low exposures to BaP, especially through the i.m. route of exposure. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was unable to raise the classification rate to an acceptable level. In conclusion, FIS and ANFIS models have limited applications in the field of fish biomarker studies. 相似文献
824.
M. Ali Y.T.A. Al-Majali M. Kennedy K. Alam 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1346-1356
ABSTRACTWet electrostatic precipitators (WESPs) are modern-era pollution control systems specifically designed to capture ultrafine particles as well as acid mist, highly resistive and sticky particles; however, this requires the use of expensive corrosion-resistant metal alloys. The work presented here is part of a continuing study at Ohio University aimed at reducing the cost of WESPs by using a novel combination of a polymer collector surfaces with a hybrid composite discharge electrode. In this study, a hybrid composite discharge electrode was tested, for the first time, inside a semi-pilot-scale experimental setup, with collection surfaces consists of a vertical array of strands. Particle laden gases were passed through this array of polymer ropes, which were kept wet by a small flow of water. The discharge electrodes were composite laminates of carbon fibers in a polymer matrix enclosing a metal mesh. The preliminary results showed that this new integrated system of composite discharge electrode and polymer collector surfaces can match or exceed the performance of a conventional metal alloy electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with metal discharge electrodes. There are additional advantages due to the system being compact, lightweight, and highly corrosion resistant.Implications: This study focused on integrating and assessing performance of a novel hybrid composite electrode (HCE) inside semi-pilot novel cross-flow electrostatic precipitator at conditions typically observed in coal-fired power plant exhausts. The results were collected for particulate collection efficiencies and were compared with a rigid metal electrode. The HCE outperformed metal electrode by showing higher particulate collection efficiency. This result showcases substantial potential for these two new technologies (HCE and cross-flow system) as a substitute for conventional metal based wet ESPs. 相似文献
825.
826.
Wilfredo Y. Licuanan Maricar S. Samson Samuel S. Mamauag Laura T. David Roselle Borja-del Rosario Miledel Christine C. Quibilan Fernando P. Siringan Ma. Yvainne Y. Sta. Maria Norievill B. España Cesar L. Villanoy Rollan C. Geronimo Olivia C. Cabrera Renmar Jun S. Martinez Porfirio M. Aliño 《Ambio》2015,44(8):718-736
We present a synoptic, participatory vulnerability assessment tool to help identify the likely impacts of climate change and human activity in coastal areas and begin discussions among stakeholders on the coping and adaptation measures necessary to minimize these impacts. Vulnerability assessment tools are most needed in the tropical Indo-Pacific, where burgeoning populations and inequitable economic growth place even greater burdens on natural resources and support ecosystems. The Integrated Coastal Sensitivity, Exposure, and Adaptive Capacity for Climate Change (I-C-SEA Change) tool is built around a series of scoring rubrics to guide non-specialists in assigning scores to the sensitivity and adaptive capacity components of vulnerability, particularly for coral reef, seagrass, and mangrove habitats, along with fisheries and coastal integrity. These scores are then weighed against threat or exposure to climate-related impacts such as marine flooding and erosion. The tool provides opportunities for learning by engaging more stakeholders in participatory planning and group decision-making. It also allows for information to be collated and processed during a “town-hall” meeting, facilitating further discussion, data validation, and even interactive scenario building.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0652-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献827.
Lisa A. Simoncelli Christine J. Delevan Omar Ali S. Al-Naimi Maryam Bamshad 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(5):865-873
Most monogamous male mammals display parental care, but the mechanism by which they become motivated to care for infants remains
unknown. We used prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) as a model of biparental species to test the hypothesis that physical contact with a female enhances male parental responsiveness
before the birth of offspring. We tested four groups of males: mated with physical contact with their mate, mated with only
distal cues from their mate, mated with no cues, and unmated with distal cues from a female. The subjects were placed in an
oversized cage divided into two compartments by a perforated barrier. At mid-gestation, the bedding and females were removed,
and the males’ responses toward two infants were videotaped. Although most males behaved parentally, mated males exposed to
their mate’s tactile or distal cues approached the young faster and were more likely to care for both infants than unmated
males which received female distal cues. Males who had physical contact with their mate showed “kyphosis” (a crouching position
over infants) and contacted infants more frequently than mated males which received no cues from their mate or unmated males
which received female distal cues. Furthermore, the frequency of non-social behaviors was lowest in mated males that had physical
contact with their mate. The data suggest that exposure to female distal cues after mating is sufficient to increase male
parental attentiveness, but female somatosensory cues affect the male's tendency to remain in physical contact with infants. 相似文献
828.
Ara Talat Nisa Waqar-Un Aziz Rukhsanda Rafiq Muhammad Tariq Gill Rafaqat Ali Hayat Malik Tahir Afridi Uzma 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(9):1-11
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - As the largest organ of the human body, the skin is the major exposure route of NO2. However, the evidence for a relationship between NO2 exposure and... 相似文献
829.
Ali Waqar Aslam Muhammad Wajahat Feng Caiyan Junaid Muhammad Ali Kamran Li Shehong Chen Zhe Yu Ziheng Rasool Atta Zhang Hua 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2019,41(5):2223-2238
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The current study focuses on the understanding of contamination status, distribution, source apportionment and health perspectives of arsenic (As), uranium... 相似文献
830.
Environmental sustainability in an agricultural development project: a system dynamics approach 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Regional agricultural projects based on water resource development have many potential impacts on social and natural environments. In this research, potential long-term environmental problems of the Southeastern Anatolian Project (GAP) related to water resources, land use, land degradation, agricultural pollution and demography are analysed from a systems perspective. The analysis focuses on the totality of environmental, social and economic issues. For this purpose, a system dynamics simulation model (GAPSIM) has been developed as an experimental platform for policy analysis. GAPSIM was validated, first 'structurally', using the tests suggested by the literature and then the model 'behaviour' was tested and calibrated with respect to available data. The reference behaviour of GAPSIM reveals that, as the irrigated lands are developed, GAP faces significant water scarcity because of the increased intensity of cotton, the crop with the highest demands for water. Simulation results also indicate that two key environmental factors, pesticide and fertilizer consumption may reach undesirable levels. Alternative irrigation water release strategies, development rates of irrigated fields and farm rotation practices appear as important policy tools in achieving long-term environmental sustainability. GAPSIM promises to be not only a useful laboratory for policy makers of GAP, but also a useful generic structure applicable to other similar regional development projects. 相似文献