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941.
Application of spatial multi-criteria analysis to site selection for a local park: a case study in the Bergamo Province, Italy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This contribution discusses a site selection process for establishing a local park. It was supported by a value-focused approach and spatial multi-criteria evaluation techniques. A first set of spatial criteria was used to design a number of potential sites. Next, a new set of spatial and non-spatial criteria was employed, including the social functions and the financial costs, together with the degree of suitability for the park to evaluate the potential sites and to recommend the most acceptable one. The whole process was facilitated by a new software tool that supports spatial multiple criteria evaluation, or SMCE. The application of this tool, combined with a continual feedback by the public administration, has provided an effective methodology to solve complex decisional problem in land-use and urban planning. 相似文献
942.
Ali Deriszadeh Thomas G. Harding Maen M. Husein 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2008,86(4):244
The high demand for water in oil sands operations in addition to the shortage of fresh water resources mandate continuous search for reliable and cost effective water treatment technologies. Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is potentially applicable to produced water treatment. MEUF is, however, susceptible to membrane plugging and back contamination, especially at high surfactant dosages. Recent investigations showed that addition of small amounts of a non-ionic surfactant to an ionic surfactant solution reduces the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the mixed surfactant solution, and consequently reduces the surfactant dosage required to achieve certain removal of contaminants using MEUF. In the present study a naphthenic acid, octanoic acid, typically existing in produced water is shown to play a similar role as the non-ionic surfactant when added to the cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Cross-flow MEUF using three different molecular weight cutoffs (MWCOs) of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber membranes was used to treat synthetic produced water containing p-xylene. The mixed CPC/octanoic acid solution removed comparable percentages of p-xylene contaminant at much lower concentrations of CPC. Decreasing CPC concentration in the feed resulted in less fouling and higher permeate flux and reduced back contamination. This, in turn, enhanced the performance of MEUF. 相似文献
943.
Behavior and lifestyle characteristics of male Kuwaiti drivers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ali M. Al-Hemoud Author Vitae Rodney J. Simmons Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(4):307-313
Introduction: The high traffic accident risk among young drivers is a well-known and well-documented fact in most countries. Lifestyle has proven to affect driving behavior as well as accident risk. This study covers the lifestyle component of the problems related to young male Kuwaiti drivers’ accident risk. Methods: The purpose of the study is to measure the relationship between lifestyle and accident risk. Lifestyle is measured through a questionnaire, where 302 male Kuwaiti drivers (mean age = 28 years; range 25-35 years) answer 39 questions related to behavioral and social factors, road conditions, police enforcement, and life satisfaction. They also report their involvement in accidents and traffic violations. Results: The questionnaire's validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.7) were achieved. Principal component analysis reduced the 39 items on the questionnaire to 5 factors. Inadequate police enforcement is strongly correlated (r = 0.862) to accident risk and traffic violations and is thus considered the best predictor of traffic accidents in Kuwait. Impact on Industry: As driving-related incidents (on-the-job and off-the-job) are a significant source of fatalities and lost-work-days, the study points to the importance of considering cultural factors in the design of comprehensive safety programs for industry. 相似文献
944.
945.
Many studies have been conducted to investigate thephysicochemical behavior of pure clay minerals and predicttheir engineering performance in the field. In this study, thephysicochemical properties of an artificial mixture of differentclay minerals namely, 40-50% montmorillonite, 20-30% illite and 10-15% kaolin were investigated. The mixture was homoionized with sodium, Na+; calcium, Ca2+; andaluminum, Al3+. The engineering properties studied wereconsistency limits, sediment volume, compressibility behavior,and hydraulic conductivity. The results revealed that theliquid, plastic and shrinkage limits of soil increased withincreasing cation valence. The hydraulic conductivity of thesoil also increased with an increase in the valence of thecation at any given void ratio. Aluminum and sodium treatedclays had the highest and the lowest modified compressionindex values, respectively. Furthermore, trivalent cationsaturated clayey soil consolidates three times faster thanthat of monovalent and two times faster than that of divalent.These properties of the soils determined were, in general,similar to those of kaolinite rather than those ofmontmorillonite. The comparison of the results obtained withthe published data in the literature revealed that thephysicochemical behavior of the tested clay soil was, ingeneral, similar to that of kaolinite. 相似文献
946.
Kifayatullah Khan Yonglong Lu Mian Abdal Saee Hazrat Bilal Hassan Sher Hizbullah Khan Jafar Ali Pei Wang Herman Uwizeyiman Yvette Baninl Qifeng Li Zhaoyang Liu Javed Nawa Yunqiao Zhou Chao Su Ruoyu Liang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(10):1-12
Fecal bacteria contaminate water resources and result in associated waterborne diseases.This study assessed drinking water quality and evaluated their potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan. Ground and surface drinking water were randomly collected from upstream to downstream in the River Swat watershed and analyzed for fecal contamination using fecal indicator bacteria(Escherichia coli) and physiochemical parameters(potential of hydrogen, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, color, odor and taste). The physiochemical parameters were within their safe limits except in a few locations, whereas, the fecal contaminations in drinking water resources exceeded the drinking water quality standards of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency(Pak-EPA),2008 and World Health Organization(WHO), 2011. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that downstream urbanization trend, minimum distance between water sources and pit latrines/sewerage systems, raw sewage deep well injection and amplified urban,pastures and agricultural runoffs having human and animal excreta were the possible sources of contamination. The questionnaire survey revealed that majority of the local people using 10–20 years old drinking water supply schemes at the rate of 73% well supply,13% hand pump supply, 11% spring supply and 3% river/streams supply, which spreads high prevalence of water borne diseases including hepatitis, intestinal infections and diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, jaundice and skin diseases in children followed by older and younger adults. 相似文献
947.
Sharghi Ali Nourtaghani Abdolmajid Ramzanpour Mehrnaz Gorji Reza Bagheri 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(8):10337-10377
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The optimal location of housing for low-income group is one of the major challenges in its construction that neglecting it causes social, economic, and... 相似文献
948.
Haq Ahteshamul Modibbo Umar Muhammad Ahmed Aquil Ali Irfan 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(10):11991-12018
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Since 2015, the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) agenda 2030 has been designed with 17 goals, 169 targets, and 232 unique indicators... 相似文献
949.
950.
Babar Shahbaz Tanvir Ali Abid Qaiyum Suleri 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(4):441-453
Pakistan has very low forest cover, but these forests are very diverse in nature and of significant importance for the livelihood
security of millions of rural people who live in and around these forests. Policies, institutions and processes form the context
within which individuals and households construct and adapt livelihood strategies, on the other hand these institutionally
shaped livelihood strategies may have an impact on the sustainability of natural resource use. The present paper aims to critically
analyse the forest policies of Pakistan. Implications for sustainable forest management and livelihood security of forest
dependent people are also given. The first forest policy of Pakistan was announced in 1955 followed by the forest policies
of 1962, 1975, 1980, 1988 as part of the National Agricultural Policy, 1991, and the latest in 2001. Most of the forest policies
were associated with the change of government. There was much rhetoric in some recent policies regarding the concept of “participation”
and “sustainable livelihoods” but in practice these policies are also replica of the previously top-down, autocratic and non-participatory
forest policies. Pakistan needs to develop a sustainable, workable, research-based, and people-friendly forest policy enable
to catering to the changing needs of stakeholders including government. 相似文献