Product identification and toxicity change during oxidation of methotrexate by ferrate and permanganate in water

• Oxidation of methotrexate by high-valent metal-oxo species was first explored. • Fe(VI) presented a higher reactivity to MTX than Mn(VII) at pH 8.0. • Ketonization and cleavage of peptide bond were two initial reaction pathways. • Products of MTX were not genotoxic, neurotoxic, or endocrine-disrupting chemicals. • The less biodegradable products exhibited developmental and acute/chronic toxicity. Accompanying an annual increase in cancer incidence, the global use of anticancer drugs has remarkably increased with their worldwide environmental prevalence and ecological risks. In this study, the oxidation of methotrexate (MTX), a typical anticancer drug with ubiquitous occurrence and multi-endpoint toxicity, by ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) and permanganate (Mn(VII))) was investigated in water. Fe(VI) exhibited a higher reactivity with MTX (93.34 M⁻¹ s⁻¹) than Mn(VII) (3.01 M⁻¹ s⁻¹) at pH 8.0. The introduction of Cu(II) and Fe(III) at 1.0 mM improved the removal efficiency of 5.0 μM MTX by 100.0 μM Fe(VI) from 80% to 95% and 100% after 4 min, respectively. Seven oxidized products (OPs) were identified during oxidative treatments, while OP-191 and OP-205 were characterized as specific products for Fe(VI) oxidation. Initial ketonization of the L-glutamic acid moiety and cleavage of the peptide bond of MTX were proposed. Additionally, a multi-endpoint toxicity evaluation indicated no genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, or endocrine-disrupting effects of MTX and its OPs. Particularly, serious developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae was observed in the treated MTX solutions. Based on the acute and chronic aquatic toxicity prediction, OP-190, OP-192, OP-206, and OP-208 were deemed toxic or very toxic compared to harmful MTX. Furthermore, the reduced biodegradability index from 0.15 (MTX) to −0.5 to −0.2 (OP-192, OP-206, and OP-468) indicated the formation of lower biodegradable OPs. Overall, this study suggests that Fe(VI) and Mn(VII) oxidation are promising treatments for remediating anticancer drug-contaminated water. However, the environmental risks associated with these treatments should be considered in the evaluation of water safety.     

Effects of ambient temperature on outpatient visits for dermatitis in Xinxiang,China: a time-series analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies have reported regional variations in the relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis, which therefore remain...     

Construction,renovation, and demolition waste in landfill: a review of waste characteristics,environmental impacts,and mitigation measures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the increase in global population, industrialization, and urbanization, waste from construction, renovation, and demolition (CRD) activities has...     

Analysis of spatial and temporal changes of vegetation cover and its driving forces in the Huainan mining area

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Huainan mining area is rich in coal resources and has sparse vegetation and many collapsed waterways. Large-scale and long-term underground coal...     

What are the disease burden and its sensitivity analysis of workers exposing to Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol during warm and cold periods in a wastewater treatment plant?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants releases high amounts of pathogenic bioaerosols. Quantitative microbial risk assessment is a...     

Green pharmaceutical supply chain coordination considering green investment,green logistics,and government intervention

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Despite their important role in the fight against global climate change, the coordination of green pharmaceutical supply chains (GPSC) has rarely been...     

50年来上海市台风灾害分析及预评估

依据1949~2005年中国气象局上海台风研究所的实测数据和前人的研究成果,筛选出对上海地区造成严重影响的84个台风,对这84个成灾台风的最大风速、过程雨量以及吴淞口、黄埔公园潮位站数据分析,结合收集到的其中57个台风的完整灾情数据计算灾情指数。综合研究得出:近50年来,成灾台风生成频数的年际变化比较明显;台风造成的人员伤亡、农田受淹面积和房屋倒损3个灾情参数在这50年里有一定的起伏变化,但综合灾情指数变化的幅度不大,从1980年代开始灾情指数有上升趋势。成灾台风灾情指数与上海市郊吕泗站最大风速和过程雨量成正相关。吴淞口、黄埔公园的潮位站数据与成灾台风直接经济损失对应性较好。     

双室微生物燃料电池不同接种条件下处理薯蓣素废水

比较了在5种不同接种条件下,利用双室微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cells,MFCs)处理薯蓣素生产废水的污染物去除和产电效果. 结果表明,该种废水可以用作微生物燃料电池的底物,在去除有机物的同时能够获得电能;采用全混合接种对污染物的去除效果最好,在350 h时COD_Cr去除率达到90%;采用污水处理厂厌氧污泥和薯蓣素废水驯化菌液混合接种的产电效果最好,在1 000 Ω的外电阻下得到了370 mV的输出电压,最大输出功率密度达到10.32 mW/m2;不同菌属在MFCs中的作用差别显著,产电与去污功能可能由不同优势菌属承担;初步富集到优势菌菌b,菌d和菌e;PCR-DGGE和DNA序列分析结果显示,菌d和菌e与β-变形菌具有较好的同源性.      

评析中国现行环境保护投资体制

本文通过对我国近15年环保投资相关数据的分析,揭示了现行环保投资体制失灵的一个重要因素是结构上失衡,在环保投资中没有体现环保设施运营费用,直接影响了环保投资的效益,其次,一些指标的设计严重偏离了现实,影响了环保投资的有机构成,也导致环境政策的失效,在此基础上,结合实际,提出初步的改革设想。     

新型低温Fe/AC脱硫剂的研究

将活性焦担载氧化铁制得Fe/AC脱硫剂用于烟气脱硫,在最经济的烟气脱硫温度窗口(120℃～250℃)显示出高的脱硫活性.考察操作条件对其脱硫活性的影响,并借助EXAFS和TPD表征技术对其内在原因进行探讨.Fe/AC脱硫剂在排烟温度下用于脱硫,其活性明显优于活性焦和纯Fe₂O₃,且载体炭无氧化烧损.Fe/AC吸硫后形成2种含硫物质:H₂SO₄和Fe₂(SO₄)₃,H₂O和O₂的存在可增加Fe/AC对SO₂的吸附硫容.由高比表面活性焦制得的Fe/AC有更高的脱硫活性,这源于活性组分Fe₂O₃在其上良好的分散性.Fe/AC用于脱硫应在适宜空速[(800L/(kg·h)]下操作.