脉冲电晕反应器结构对乙硫醇消除效果的影响

研究了脉冲电晕等离子体反应器结构的变化对乙硫醇消除效果的影响规律。结果表明,在反应器内设置折流板,可以增加气流的湍动程度,有利于活性粒子与污染物的充分接触,从而提高消除率。高压电极间距对电晕区范围及消毒效果有较大影响,间距较小将导致各电极产生的电场相互干扰明显,消除率减小;而电极间距过大,虽然电极间电场分布相互干扰小,但是反应器内可排布的电极数减少,总电晕区减少,消除率也减小。根据实验结果,电极间距设置为50 mm比较合理。另外,在相同的电场强度和脉冲频率下,毛刺形高压电极比线电极结构能耗低,能量利用率高。     

Evidence for the inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles on the activities of soil exoenzymes

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known to have antimicrobial ability, but very little is known about the effect of AgNPs on soil exoenzyme activities, which reflect the potential of a soil to support biochemical processes. This study provides evidence of the inhibitory effects of AgNPs on the activities of soil exoenzymes. Six exoenzymes related to nutrient cycles (urease, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase) and the overall microbial activity (dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase) were tested in soils treated with AgNPs (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg g(-1)) and silver ion (0.035, 0.175, 0.525, 1 and 1.5 μg g(-1)). AgNPs were capable of inhibiting the activities of all the exoenzymes tested in this study. Especially, the urease and dehydrogenase activities were significantly related to the presence of AgNPs. The effects of silver ions dissolved from the AgNPs were not significant, indicating the adverse effects caused by AgNPs themselves. This study suggested that AgNPs negatively affect soil exoenzyme activities, with the urease activity especially sensitive to AgNPs.     

MBR＋纳滤＋反渗透工艺处理垃圾渗滤液实验研究

摘要：结合青岛市某生活垃圾处理场工程实例,介绍了MBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的工艺流程、原理等,分析了MBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的特点和优势。垃圾渗滤液经过MBR工艺处理,生化部分采用前置反硝化／硝化工艺,再经纳滤／反渗透等膜分离技术和其他方法处理,最终流出液水质可以达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》（GB16889—2008）。     

农药和其它有机化合物环境参数的相关性及其预测

农药和其它有机化合物的水溶解度、正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子等物化参数之间存在着明显的相关性，有机化合物的水溶解度与其正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈负相关；正辛醇／水分配系数与有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈正相关。本文所建立的数学关系式能较好地预测未知化合物的环境特性。     

大骨节病病区饮用水中有机物的初步鉴定

对大骨节病区及非病区饮用水,用树脂吸附法富集其中的有机物并进行GC-MS分析。结果发现,所有样品的主要成分为各种脂肪和芳香烃类及含氧、硫、氮的化合物。病村饮水中鉴定出较高浓度的醌酚类化合物,表明这两类化合物对大骨节病病因的研究确实是不可忽视的因素。     

Interactive effects of natural and human disturbances on vegetation dynamics across landscapes.

Accurate measures of human effects on landscape processes require consideration of both the direct impacts from human activities and the indirect consequences of the interactions between humans and the landscape. This is particularly evident in systems experiencing regular natural disturbances such as in the mountainous areas of southwestern China, where the remaining population of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is supported. Here the spatiotemporal patterns of human impacts, forests, and bamboo episodic die-offs combine to determine the distribution of panda habitat. To study the complex interactions of humans and landscapes, we developed an integrated spatiotemporally explicit model of household activities, natural vegetation dynamics, and their impacts on panda habitat. Using this model we examined the direct consequences of local fuelwood collection and household creation on areas of critical giant panda habitat and the indirect impacts when coupled with vegetation dynamics. Through simulations, we found that over the next 30 years household impacts would result in the loss of up to 30% of the habitat relied on by pandas during past bamboo die-offs. The accumulation and spatial distribution of household impacts would also have a considerable indirect influence on the spatial distribution of understory bamboo. While human impacts influence both bamboo die-off and regeneration, over 19% of pre-existing low-elevation bamboo habitat may be lost following an episodic die-off depending on the severity of the impacts and timing of the die-offs. Our study showed not only the importance of the spatial distribution of direct household impacts on habitat, but also the far-reaching effects of the indirect interactions between humans and the landscapes they are modifying.     

安全燃放烟花

<正>重要提示:A、严禁携带鞭炮烟花乘坐车、船、飞机等交通工具;B、燃放鞭炮烟花应完全遵守当地政府的规定;C、儿童必须在大人的指导下燃放;D、燃放时一定要选择室外,空旷的环境。     

坐在赤裸的土地上哭泣

西让我们坐在赤裸的土地上哭泣捶胸跺足如丧考批为了先祖笔下曾有的参天古木为了往昔丰茂无边的水草让我们坐在城市的水泥路面哭泣纵使我们泪流似海也不会有一滴渗进城市坚硬的地表在这片留不住水的土地上不知人们将如何留下他匆匆的印痕让我们坐在龟裂的河床上哭泣为了永恒千年的芦沟晓月再也无法映着碧波对镜自怜为了母亲再也挤不出甘甜的乳水哺育两岸饥渴的人民让我们坐在赤裸的土地上哭泣让我们坐在每一株无法成活树木旁哭泣假若我的血液能让一裸树苗复活那么就请取走我的全部吧我的自然之母在你宽厚的原野上我只愿能化为一把苍凉的沃土…     

西藏浪卡子至洛扎公路沿线地质灾害与防治

浪卡子至洛朴公路是西藏山南地区环线公路的西段,全长120 km。由于公路位于高寒、新构造运动强烈的地区,特殊的地质背景、气候因素和鹅理环境,为该地区地质灾害的发育提供了良好的条件。公路沿线的地质灾害主要有泥石流、滑坡、坍岸(水毁)等,各类地质灾害影响公路总长7 248m,其中泥石流42条,滑坡l处,坍岸(水毁)12处。各类地质灾害对公路的建设和运营构成了极大的危害,针片这些地质灾害发育的特点,结合当地的环境和公路的等级要求,提出了切实有效的治理措施。     

基于YanMeng台风风场的输电线路极值风速推算方法

极值风速作为输电线路抗风设计的重要参数,对结构的强度和年限标准意义重大。为克服采用观测资料直接推算极值风速的缺陷,给出了一种沿海地区输电线路极值风速推算的数值方法,即以台风风场物理方程为基础,利用历史台风进行反演,验证风场模型的适应性,随后结合台风年鉴,采用模拟圆和Monte Carlo抽样模拟进行研究点最大风速序列计算,并根据极值III型Weibull分布进行极值风速的推算。最后以海口市为例,对该极值风速推算方法进行详细阐述,推算了海口市近100a内重现期的极值风速,并与观测统计值进行对比,研究发现本文模拟效果较好,可以作为沿海地区输电线路抗风设计的理论参照。