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961.
Kheirghadam Enayatzamir Hossein A. Alikhani Bagher Yakhchali Fatemeh Tabandeh Susana Rodríguez-Couto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(1):145-153
Background, aim and scope
Because of high discharged volumes and effluent composition, wastewater from the textile industry can be considered as the most polluting amongst all industrial sectors, thus greatly requiring appropriate treatment technologies. Although some abiotic methods for the reduction of several dyes exist, these require highly expensive catalysts and reagents. Biotechnological approaches were proven to be potentially effective in the treatment of this pollution source in an eco-efficient manner. The white-rot fungi are, so far, the most efficient microorganisms in degrading synthetic dyes. This white-rot fungi’s property is due to the production of extracellular lignin-modifying enzymes, which are able to degrade a wide range of xenobiotic compounds because of their low substrate specificity. In this paper, we studied the ability of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilised into Ca-alginate beads to decolourise different recalcitrant azo dyes such as Direct Violet 51 (DV), Reactive Black 5 (RB), Ponceau Xylidine (PX) and Bismark Brown R (BB) in successive batch cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the immobilisation of P. chrysosporium into Ca-alginate beads for its application in dye decolouration. 相似文献962.
Anita Jemec Damjana Drobne Tatjana Tišler Kristina Sepčić 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):571-581
Background, aim and scope
For reliable environmental risk assessment of pollutants, knowledge on the effects at different levels of biological organisation is needed. During the early days of biomarker research in environmental studies approximately two decades ago, biochemical biomarkers were considered as the most promising tool for such purposes. Among these, three enzymes have often been studied: catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cholinesterase (ChE). However, despite their intensive research, their measurements in invertebrates have not been commonly applied in environmental risk assessment (ERA) or for regulatory purposes. 相似文献963.
Yu-Yang Long Li-Fang Hu Jing Wang Cheng-Ran Fang Ruo He Dong-Sheng Shen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1539-1546
Purpose
To protect the environmental quality of soil, groundwater, and surface water near the landfill site, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment of the heavy metal mobility. This study aims to present the bio-immobilization behavior of heavy metals in landfill and provide some reference suggestion for the manipulation of heavy metal pollution control after closure. 相似文献964.
Zrinka Dragun Marijana Erk Dušica Ivanković Roko Žaja Vlatka Filipović Marijić Biserka Raspor 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(4):977-986
Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the level of metal contamination in two bays in the middle part of the Eastern Adriatic coastal zone in Croatia using the gills of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis as indicator tissue. Despite the existing sources of contamination, previous studies with caged mussels only indicated moderate metal contamination of the Kaštela Bay, contrary to the Trogir Bay in which marina and shipyard present a probable source of Cu- and Zn-contamination. 相似文献965.
Grahovac ZM Mitić SS Pecev ET Pavlović AN 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2010,45(8):783-789
In the present study, a new sensitive and simple kinetic-spectrophotometric method for the determination of the insecticide diflubenzuron [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-diflubenzoil)urea] is proposed. The method is based on the inhibited effect of diflubenzuron on the oxidation of sulphanilic acid (SA) by hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer in presence Cu(II) ion. Diflubenzuron was determined with linear calibration graph in the interval from 0.31 to 3.1 μg mL?1 and from 3.1 to 31.0 μg mL?1. The optimized conditions yielded a theoretical detection limit of 0.18 μg mL?1 corresponding to 0.036 mg kg(-1)mushroom sample based on the 3S(b) criterion. The RSD is 5.03-1.83 % and 2.81-0.71 % for the concentration interval of diflubenzuron 0.31-3.1 μg mL?1 and 3.1-31.0 μg mL?1, respectively. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically at 370 nm. The kinetic parameters of the reaction are reported, and the rate equations are suggested. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the rapid determination of diflubenzuron in spiked mushroom samples of different mushroom species. The HPLC method was used like a comparative method to verify results. 相似文献
966.
Adsorption of arsenic(V) by iron-oxide-coated diatomite (IOCD) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yi-Fong Pan Cary T. Chiou Tsair-Fuh Lin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(8):1401-1410
Purposes and aims
Economically efficient methods for removing arsenic from the drinking water supply are urgently needed in many parts of the world. Iron oxides are known to have a strong affinity for arsenic in water. However, they are commonly present in the forms of fine powder or floc, which limits their utility in water treatment. In this study, a novel granular adsorbent, iron-oxide-coated diatomite (IOCD), was developed and examined for its adsorption of arsenic from water. 相似文献967.
Short-term increases in soil solution nitrate (NO3−) concentration are often observed after forest harvest, even in N-limited systems. We model NO3− leaching below the rooting zone as a function of site productivity. Using national forest inventories and published estimates of N attenuation in rivers and the riparian zone, we estimate effects of stem-only harvesting on NO3− leaching to groundwater, surface waters and the marine environment. Stem-only harvesting is a minor contributor to NO3− pollution of Swedish waters. Effects in surface waters are rapidly diluted downstream, but can be locally important for shallow well-waters as well as for the total amount of N reaching the sea. Harvesting adds approximately 8 Gg NO3-N to soil waters in Sweden, with local concentrations up to 7 mg NO3-N l−1. Of that, ∼3.3 Gg reaches the marine environment. This is ∼3% of the overall Swedish N load to the Baltic. 相似文献
968.
Virender K. Sharma Nigel J. D. Graham Xiang-Zhong Li Bao-Ling Yuan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(2):453-461
Background, aim and scope
Photocatalytic oxidation using UV irradiation of TiO2 has been studied extensively and has many potential industrial applications, including the degradation of recalcitrant contaminants in water and wastewater treatment. A limiting factor in the oxidation process is the recombination of conduction band electrons (e − cb) with electron holes (hvb+) on the irradiated TiO2 surface; thus, in aqueous conditions, the presence of an effective electron scavenger will be beneficial to the efficiency of the oxidation process. Ferrate (FeO42−) has received much recent attention as a water treatment chemical since it behaves simultaneously as an oxidant and coagulant. The combination of ferrate [Fe(VI)] with UV/TiO2 photocatalysis offers an oxidation synergism arising from the Fe(VI) scavenging of e − cb and the corresponding beneficial formation of Fe(V) from the Fe(VI) reduction. This paper reviews recent studies concerning the photocatalytic oxidation of problematic pollutants with and without ferrate. 相似文献969.
Miriam Hampel Esteban Alonso Irene Aparicio James E. Bron Juan Luis Santos John B. Taggart Michael J. Leaver 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(4):917-933
Background, aim, and scope
Pharmaceuticals are emerging pollutants widely used in everyday urban activities which can be detected in surface, ground, and drinking waters. Their presence is derived from consumption of medicines, disposal of expired medications, release of treated and untreated urban effluents, and from the pharmaceutical industry. Their growing use has become an alarming environmental problem which potentially will become dangerous in the future. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about long-term effects in non-target organisms as well as for human health. Toxicity testing has indicated a relatively low acute toxicity to fish species, but no information is available on possible sublethal effects. This study provides data on the physiological pathways involved in the exposure of Atlantic salmon as representative test species to three pharmaceutical compounds found in ground, surface, and drinking waters based on the evaluation of the xenobiotic-induced impairment resulting in the activation and silencing of specific genes. 相似文献970.
Pakistan is facing problem of deforestation. Pakistan lost 14.7% of its forest habitat between 1990 and 2005 interval. This paper assesses the present forest wood consumption rate by 6000 brick kilns established in the country and its implications in terms of deforestation and emission of greenhouse gases. Information regarding consumption of forest wood by the brick kilns was collected during a manual survey of 180 brick kiln units conducted in eighteen provincial divisions of country. Considering annual emission contributions of three primary GHGs i.e., CO2, CH4 and N2O, due to burning of forest wood in brick kiln units in Pakistan and using IPCC recommended GWP indices, the combined CO2-equivalent has been estimated to be 533019 t y−1. 相似文献