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71.
F. Monna F. van Oort P. Hubert J. Dominik J. Bolte J.-L. Loizeau J. Labanowski J. Lamri C. Petit G. Le Roux C. Chateau 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
An 80-year soil archive, the 42-plot experimental design at the INRA in Versailles (France), is used here to study long-term contamination by 137Cs atmospheric deposition and the fate of this radioisotope when associated with various agricultural practices: fallow land, KCl, NH4(NO3), superphosphate fertilizers, horse manure and lime amendments. The pertinence of a simple box model, where radiocaesium is supposed to move downward by convectional mechanisms, is checked using samples from control plots which had been neither amended, nor cultivated since 1928. This simple model presents the advantage of depending on only two parameters: α, a proportional factor allowing the historical atmospheric 137Cs fluxes to be reconstructed locally, and k, an annual loss coefficient from the plow horizon. Another pseudo-unknown is however necessary to run the model: the shape of historical 137Cs deposition, but this function can be easily computed by merging several curves previously established by other surveys. A loss of ∼1.5% per year from the plow horizon, combined with appropriate fluxes, provides good concordance between simulated and measured values. In the 0–25 cm horizon, the residence half time is found to be ∼18 yr (including both migration and radioactive decay). Migration rate constants are also calculated for some plots receiving continuous long-term agricultural treatments. Comparison with the control plots reveals significant influence of amendments on 137Cs mobility in these soils developed from a unique genoform. 相似文献
72.
Evelien?M.?de OldeEmail author Henrik?Moller Fleur?Marchand Richard?W.?McDowell Catriona?J.?MacLeod Marion?Sautier Stephan?Halloy Andrew?Barber Jayson?Benge Christian?Bockstaller Eddie?A.?M.?Bokkers Imke?J.?M.?de Boer Katharine?A.?Legun Isabelle?Le Quellec Charles?Merfield Frank?W.?Oudshoorn John?Reid Christian?Schader Erika?Szymanski Claus?A.?G.?S?rensen Jay?Whitehead Jon?Manhire 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(4):1327-1342
Sustainability indicators are well recognized for their potential to assess and monitor sustainable development of agricultural systems. A large number of indicators are proposed in various sustainability assessment frameworks, which raises concerns regarding the validity of approaches, usefulness and trust in such frameworks. Selecting indicators requires transparent and well-defined procedures to ensure the relevance and validity of sustainability assessments. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine whether experts agree on which criteria are most important in the selection of indicators and indicator sets for robust sustainability assessments. Two groups of experts (Temperate Agriculture Research Network and New Zealand Sustainability Dashboard) were asked to rank the relative importance of eleven criteria for selecting individual indicators and of nine criteria for balancing a collective set of indicators. Both ranking surveys reveal a startling lack of consensus amongst experts about how best to measure agricultural sustainability and call for a radical rethink about how complementary approaches to sustainability assessments are used alongside each other to ensure a plurality of views and maximum collaboration and trust amongst stakeholders. To improve the transparency, relevance and robustness of sustainable assessments, the context of the sustainability assessment, including prioritizations of selection criteria for indicator selection, must be accounted for. A collaborative design process will enhance the acceptance of diverse values and prioritizations embedded in sustainability assessments. The process by which indicators and sustainability frameworks are established may be a much more important determinant of their success than the final shape of the assessment tools. Such an emphasis on process would make assessments more transparent, transformative and enduring. 相似文献
73.
Suescún Diego Villegas Juan Camilo León Juan Diego Flórez Claudia P. García-Leoz Vanessa Correa-Londoño Guillermo A. 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(3):827-839
Regional Environmental Change - Mountain ecosystems provide key services to a large portion of the population in the tropics. However, they are particularly vulnerable to regional environmental... 相似文献
74.
采用Fenton氧化-序批式膜生物反应器(SBMBR)组合工艺处理干法腈纶废水。结果表明,在废水初始pH值为3.0,H2O2投加量为90.0 mmol/L,Fe2+投加量为20.0 mmol/L,反应时间为2.0 h的条件下,Fenton氧化预处理对腈纶生产废水的COD去除率达到47.0%以上,COD由1 091 mg/L降至560 mg/L,废水的BOD5/COD由0.32升至0.69,废水的可生化性得到显著提高。Fenton处理出水与丙烯腈废水等比例混合后,采用SBMBR进行生化处理,在水力停留时间为24 h,90 min缺氧/150 min好氧交替运行的条件下,COD、NH4+-N和TN的平均去除率分别为71.7%、97.2%和47.4%,碳源不足是限制TN去除效果的主要影响因素。在无外加碳源的条件下,组合工艺处理后出水COD和NH4+-N浓度分别为117 mg/L和1.7 mg/L,出水水质可以稳定达到国家一级排放标准(GB8978-1996)。 相似文献
75.
Lambert O Veyrand B Durand S Marchand P Le Bizec B Piroux M Puyo S Thorin C Delbac F Pouliquen H 《Chemosphere》2012,86(1):98-104
Three beehive matrices, sampled in six different apiaries from West France, were analyzed for the presence of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4: benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and chrysene). Samples were collected during four different periods in both 2008 and 2009. Honey samples showed the lowest levels of PAH4 contamination (min = 0.03 μg kg−1; max = 5.80 μg kg−1; mean = 0.82 μg kg−1; Sd = 1.17). Bee samples exhibited higher levels of PAH4 contamination (min = 0.32 μg kg−1; max = 73.83 μg kg−1; mean = 7.03 μg kg−1; Sd = 17.83) with a great dispersion of the concentrations due to four main events of high concentrations. Pollen samples showed only one major episode with the highest PAH4 concentration found (min = 0.33 μg kg−1; max = 129.41 μg kg−1; mean = 7.10 μg kg−1; Sd = 22.28). The PAH4 concentrations found were significantly influenced by the landscape context for all beehive samples. 相似文献
76.
Luna-Acosta A Renault T Thomas-Guyon H Faury N Saulnier D Budzinski H Le Menach K Pardon P Fruitier-Arnaudin I Bustamante P 《Chemosphere》2012,87(11):1335-1340
In the context of massive summer mortality events of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the aim of this study was to investigate the early effects on genes, enzymes and haemocyte parameters implicated in immune defence mechanisms in C. gigas oysters exposed to a potentially hostile environment, i.e. to an herbicide alone or within a mixture. Following 2 h of exposure to the herbicide diuron at 1 μg L−1, the repression of different genes implicated in immune defence mechanisms in the haemocytes and the inhibition of enzyme activities, such as laccase-type phenoloxidase (PO) in the plasma, were observed. The inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the plasma was also observed after 6 and 24 h of exposure. In the mixture with the herbicides diuron and isoproturon, and the pharmaceutical ibuprofen, catecholase-type PO activity in the plasma and the percentage of phagocytosis in the haemocytes were reduced after 6 h of exposure. Our results showed that early effects on molecular, biochemical and cellular parameters can be detected in the presence of diuron alone or within a mixture, giving an insight of its potential effect in situations that can be found in natural environments, i.e. relatively high concentrations for short periods of time. 相似文献
77.
Sirot V Tard A Venisseau A Brosseaud A Marchand P Le Bizec B Leblanc JC 《Chemosphere》2012,88(4):492-500
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioaccumulate through the food chain and are therefore of public health concern. Exposure to these compounds was assessed in the second French Total Diet Study (TDS). Food samples (n=583) were collected to be representative of the whole diet of the population, prepared as consumed, and analyzed. Contamination data were combined with national individual food consumption data. Mean exposure (95th percentile) to PCDD/F+DL-PCBs was assessed to be 0.57 (1.29) pg TEQ(WHO-98) (kg bw)(-1) d(-1) in the adult population and 0.89 (2.02) pg TEQ(WHO-98) (kg bw)(-1) d(-1) in the child and teenager population. Less than 4% of the population exceeded the health-based guidance value for PCDD/F+DL-PCBs. Mean exposure (95th percentile) to the six indicator PCBs (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) was estimated at 2.71 (7.90) ng (kg bw)(-1) d(-1) in the adult population and 3.77 (11.7) ng (kg bw)(-1) d(-1) in the child and teenager population. Only 2.6% of the adults [CI(95%): 1.9; 3.3] and 6.5% of the children and teenagers [5.2; 7.8] exceeded the health-based guidance value for total PCBs. These results show that the contamination levels in food and therefore the exposure of the general French population to PCDD/Fs and PCBs have declined (by a factor of 3.2 for PCDD/F+DL-PCBs and about three for total PCBs) since the last evaluation, which was conducted using another methodology in 2005 and 2007, and show the efficiency of the European risk management measures which came into force after these evaluations. 相似文献
78.
Pelfrêne A Waterlot C Mazzuca M Nisse C Cuny D Richard A Denys S Heyman C Roussel H Bidar G Douay F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2012,160(1):130-138
An investigation was undertaken to identify the most significant soil parameters that can be used to predict Cd, Pb, and Zn bioaccessibility in smelter-contaminated agricultural soils. A robust model was established from an extended database of soils by using: (i) a training set of 280 samples to select the main soil parameters, to define the best population to be taken into account for the model elaboration, and to construct multivariate regression models, and (ii) a test set of 110 samples to validate the ability of the regression models. Total carbonate, organic matter, sand, P(2)O(5), free Fe-Mn oxide, and pseudototal Al and trace element (TE) contents appeared as the main variables governing TE bioaccessibility. The statistical modeling approach was reasonably successful, indicating that the main soil factors influencing the bioaccessibility of TEs were taken into account and the predictions could be applicable for further risk evaluation in the studied area. 相似文献
79.
Negim O Mench M Bes C Motelica-Heino M Amin F Huneau F Le Coustumer P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(3):847-857
Purpose
A former wood exploitation revealing high Cu and As concentration of the soils served as a case study for assisted phytoextraction. 相似文献80.
Fournier A Feidt C Marchand P Vénisseau A Le Bizec B Sellier N Engel E Ratel J Travel A Jondreville C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(2):440-447