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171.
172.
Garrick Dustin E. Hernández-Mora Nuria O’Donnell Erin 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(6):1593-1606
Regional Environmental Change - Water markets are a prime example of decentralised resource allocation, yet their success often depends on strong coordination institutions, particularly as water is... 相似文献
173.
Vasil’ev A. G. Vasil’eva I. A. Gorodilova Yu. V. Chibiryak M. V. 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2020,51(4):363-375
Russian Journal of Ecology - Methods of geometric morphometrics have been used to assess chronographic variation of morphofunctional traits in the same cenopopulations of the bank vole... 相似文献
174.
An evolutionary-ecological analysis of homologous variations in cranial morphological structures (phenes) has been performed
at the level of populations and subspecies exposed to technogenic, climatic, and landscape-geographic changes in the environment,
as well as with ecological series of 46 species and infraspecific forms differing in ecological specialization within the
family Cricetidae. On this basis, consistent manifestations of phenogenetic variation have been revealed. Species with the
same ecological specialization show parallel directional changes in the frequencies of homologous phenes and their individual
combinations. These changes apparently have adaptive significance and result from rearrangements in the ancestral epigenetic
system. It is shown that similar ecological requirements imposed by the environment historically lead to unidirectional transformations
of homologous morphological structures in different species, which may account for high incidence of homoplasy as well as
for the parallel and, in part, directional evolution of closely related taxa with similar ecological specialization. 相似文献
175.
A. S. Tret’yakova 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2010,41(2):123-128
Consideration is given to the biological diversity and bioecological features of ruderal vegetation developing along railroads
and to its role in the formation of synanthropic flora. 相似文献
176.
Benjamin Okang’ Odumo Gregoria Carbonell Hudson Kalambuka Angeyo Jayanti Purshottam Patel Manuel Torrijos José Antonio Rodríguez Martín 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12426-12435
This work considered the environmental impact of artisanal mining gold activity in the Migori–Transmara area (Kenya). From artisanal gold mining, mercury is released to the environment, thus contributing to degradation of soil and water bodies. High mercury contents have been quantified in soil (140 μg kg?1), sediment (430 μg kg?1) and tailings (8,900 μg kg?1), as expected. The results reveal that the mechanism for transporting mercury to the terrestrial ecosystem is associated with wet and dry depositions. Lichens and mosses, used as bioindicators of pollution, are related to the proximity to mining areas. The further the distance from mining areas, the lower the mercury levels. This study also provides risk maps to evaluate potential negative repercussions. We conclude that the Migori–Transmara region can be considered a strongly polluted area with high mercury contents. The technology used to extract gold throughout amalgamation processes causes a high degree of mercury pollution around this gold mining area. Thus, alternative gold extraction methods should be considered to reduce mercury levels that can be released to the environment. 相似文献
177.
178.
Leander Raes Nikolay Aguirre Marijke D’Haese Guido Van Huylenbroeck 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(3):471-498
In recent years, new tools for funding nature conservation have been designed. Because poverty is often significant in areas with high biodiversity, the improvement of local livelihoods is frequently considered as a secondary goal of new financing mechanisms besides nature conservation. The buffer zone of the Podocarpus National Park in Ecuador is such a high biodiversity zone. In this paper, we compare the cost-effectiveness and development potential of three different mechanisms to finance nature conservation implemented in this buffer zone, namely (a) an organic coffee label, (b) the Socio Bosque Program, a nationwide payment scheme for private forest conservation, and (c) FORAGUA, a regional water fund. This paper describes the functioning and the scope of the mechanisms and analyses their environmental and socio-economic impacts which are compared to the total costs. Results show that the water fund has the highest additionality in ecosystem service provision, while the payment scheme is the most cost-effective both for current as for increased ecosystem service provision and for extra rural job creation. Organic coffee certification has the highest positive impact on rural income creation. 相似文献
179.
Luke P. Shoo Julian O’Mara Karin Perhans Jonathan R. Rhodes Rebecca K. Runting Susanne Schmidt Lochran W. Traill Lui C. Weber Kerrie A. Wilson Catherine E. Lovelock 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(2):435-447
While many scientific assessments have been recommending general strategies for biodiversity conservation under climate change, translation of these recommendations into specific actions and practice has been limited. Focusing on two biomes, rainforest and wetlands in biodiverse South East Queensland, Australia, we demonstrate how general principles can be translated into specific actions for stakeholders and responsible agencies. We synthesize research that is contextualizing protection of refugia and habitat connectivity, establishing baseline data sets to detect change and developing strategic conservation planning scenarios to adjust reserve boundaries or situate new reserves. This has been achieved by coupling spatial information on biological assets (i.e. ecosystems and species) with future climate scenarios and process models to anticipate movement of critical habitats. Conservation planning software is also being used to prioritize investment to meet specific objectives. This approach is enabling us to identify at-risk biological assets, opportunities to ameliorate threats and obstacles to delivering regional adaptation actions. A larger total reserved area is needed, with proactive planning to capture areas further inland and along watercourses. Major obstacles include conflict between urbanization and priorities for habitat conservation and the need for greater levels of investment for monitoring programmes and to protect landward shifted wetlands on private land. 相似文献
180.