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31.
Singlet molecular oxygen—mediated photooxidation of monochloro and mononitrophenols. A kinetic study
A kinetic and mechanistic study on the aerobic dye sensitized photooxidation of the mono—nitro and chlorophenols was carried out. A singlet molecular oxygen mechanism operates in the photooxidation. Solvent and substituent effects, suggest the intermediacy of a complex with partial charge transfer character, as has been postulated for other phenols. Chemical (reactive) and physical interactions of the substrates with singlet molecular oxygen were discriminated. Quantum yields for photooxidation (higher for the chlorophenols) range from 3 × 10‐2 to 2 × 10‐3, as measured by substrate or oxygen consumption. These values indicate the viability of a singlet molecular oxygen photooxidation as a way for the degradation of nitro and chlorophenol environmental contaminants. 相似文献
32.
A broadly defined scientific Capacity Building (CB) for Sustainable Development (SD) is needed all around the world, and the development of innovative capacities in the developing countries is a priority. For this, first we need to know how this concept is applied in some developing countries. In this paper we present some Mexican experiences in the field of capacity building for sustainable development. The main problems are the monodisciplinary training of the specialists, the absence of a sound policy for promotion, career development and assessment of researchers, as well as of their projects when they are interdisciplinary and development-oriented. The main proposals to solve these problems are the creation of mechanisms that foster and legitimize interdisciplinary work; a decentralized planning process with the specific objective of establishing the needs and orientations on a regional basis; provide resources to long-term projects, and finally, consensus on asking international funding agencies for stronger support for public higher education institutions in developing countries in order to increase and strengthen their capacity for education and research in general, and in the field of SD in particular. 相似文献
33.
Social learning plays key roles in sustainable natural resource management; however, studies on its role show mixed results. Even though most current studies highlight positive outcomes, there are also negative effects of social learning with respect to natural resource management. This paper explores the influence of social learning outcomes on the adoption of soil conservation practices in Amba Zuria, Ethiopia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, group discussions and in workshops. The interviews were transcribed and analysed with the qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti. In addition, a review of pertinent documents and literature complements the analysis. We found that social learning results in positive outcomes in interactions among the actors, broader understanding on soil conservation, trust and mutual understanding, and the creation of opportunities to apply both indigenous and scientific knowledge. These outcomes, in turn, foster the adoption of stone terraces to conserve soils. No such positive results were found for farmers who were not involved in the learning process and who did not adopt stone terraces. The non-adoption can partly be explained by their exclusion from sharing the positive outcomes of social learning. The study also shows limitations related to the short duration of the learning platforms, insufficient representation of women and irregular patterns of learning schedules. Hence, Ethiopian soil conservation strategies should put emphasis on social learning in order to strengthen the collective processes of soil conservation measures. 相似文献
34.
Maggi Maria Rita Adduce Claudia Negretti Maria Eletta 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2022,22(2):383-402
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The influence of bottom roughness on the development of lock-release gravity currents is investigated through laboratory experiments using Particle Image... 相似文献
35.
Corniello Alfonso Guida Marco Stellato Luisa Trifuoggi Marco Carraturo Federica Del Gaudio Elena Del Giudice Carmela Forte Giovanni Giarra Antonella Iorio Marina Marzaioli Fabio Toscanesi Maria 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1949-1970
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The study deals with the analyses of springs and wells at the base of Montepugliano Hill that represents the SE edge of the wide carbonate Matese massif... 相似文献
36.
Hijano CF Domínguez MD Gimínez RG Sínchez PH García IS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,111(1-3):75-88
The evaluation of certain vascular plants that grow in the city of Madrid as biomonitors of SO2 air pollution in urban environments has been carried out. Total concentration of sulphur in leaves of the chosen higher plants
as well as other parameters in close relation to this contaminant (visible injury symptoms, chlorophyll a- and b-content and
peroxidase activity) have been determined in order to study the spatial distribution and temporal changes in SO2 deposition. Results obtained show that coniferous species such as Pinus pinea, were more sensitive to SO2 atmospheric concentration than leafy species as Quercux ilex subspecies ballota and, in the same way, bush species, such asPyracantha coccinea and Nerium oleander, were more sensitive than wooded species, such as Cedrus deodaraandPinus pinea, respectively. There is a higher accumulation of sulphur in vegetable species located near highways and dense traffic incidence
roads and near areas with high density of population. The minimum values for accumulation of SO2 were registered in winter and spring seasons (from January to April) due to the vegetative stop; while maximum values are
obtained during the summer season (from June to September), due to the stoma opening. The highest increments in sulphur concentration,
calculated as the difference between two consecutive months, are obtained in May and June for all considered species except
forCedrus deodara and Pyracantha coccinea, both species have few seasonal changes during the whole year. Some species are more sensitive to natural washing than others,
showing a decrease in sulphur concentration after rainfall periods. 相似文献
37.
Thomas Eisner Maria Eisner Daniel J. Aneshansley Chia-Li Wu Jerrold Meinwald 《Chemoecology》2000,10(4):211-216
Summary. The mint plant, Teucrium marum (family Labiatae), sometimes called cat thyme, contains two methylcyclopentanoid monoterpenes, dolichodial and teucrein. The former compound is potently anti-insectan. It is repellent to ants (Monomorium pharaonis) and induces preening reflexes in flies (Phormia regina) and cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). Evidence is presented suggesting that dolichodial, which is presumed to be the plant's chief defensive agent, is stored in the tiny epidermal capsules that beset the leaves. It is only when the leaves are injured (and the capsules ruptured) that the leaves become repellent. Teucrein, in contrast, has no anti-insectan potency. It is present predominantly in the leaf buds, unlike dolichodial, which is present mostly in mature leaves. It is argued that teucrein is the storage compound from which dolichodial is generated during leaf development. 相似文献
38.
The grand skink, Oligosoma grande, is a diurnal rock-dwelling lizard from the tussock grasslands of Central Otago, New Zealand, whose diet includes a variety
of arthropods and fruit. We conducted a field experiment to examine the influence of prey distribution on foraging behavior
and spacing patterns. On sites where prey distribution was unaltered (control sites), males and females differed in diet and
foraging behavior. Most male feeding attempts were directed at large strong-flying insects, and males used a saltatory search
pattern that involved relatively infrequent moves of long duration. Females spent more effort catching small weak-flying insects
and visiting fruiting plants. Their search behavior involved frequent moves of short duration. The placement of meat-bait
on experimental sites led to a redistribution of large flies without influencing other prey types. Experimental females switched
foraging strategy by adopting a search pattern of relatively infrequent moves of long duration, increasing the frequency of
attempts to capture large prey, and reducing the importance of fruit in their diet. The experimental manipulation appeared
to influence space use. On control sites, both sexes had comparably sized home ranges. On experimental sites, male home ranges
were significantly larger than female home ranges.
Received: 3 November 1997 / Accepted after revision: 13 December 1998 相似文献
39.
Sidney Aluani Maria Cristina F. Spilborghs Rebecca H. H. Kim 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2016,26(4):117-125
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a persistent environmental issue worldwide. This study summarizes the results obtained from a bench‐scale test of remediating PCB‐impacted soil. The research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of extracting the PCB Aroclor 1260 from soil, transferring it to a liquid matrix, and then treating the PCB‐containing liquid using an Activated Metal Treatment System, a technology developed by NASA based on zero valent magnesium (ZVMg). The soil was from a former electrical plant area impacted by PCBs. The initial concentration of untreated soil contained an average of 4.7 ± 0.15 mg/kg of Aroclor 1260. The results showed that the mass transfer phenomena is possible using ethanol as a liquid matrix, reaching transfer results up to 93 percent. The ZVMg enabled the destruction of the Aroclor 1260, which reached 20 percent without any buildup of undesirable by‐products, such as less chlorinated PCBs. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
40.
Rui Galhano dos Santos Noemi F. Acero Sandro Matos Ricardo Carvalho Mário Vale Ana C. Marques João C. Bordado Maria M. Mateus 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(1):91-100
The use of petroleum-derived products should be avoided regarding the principles of green and sustainable chemistry. The work reported herein, is aimed at the liquefaction of pine shavings for the production of an environmentally-friendly polyol suitable to be used in the formulations of sprayable polyurethane foams. The biopolyols were obtained in high yield and were used to replace those derived from fossil sources, to produce more “greener” polyurethane foams and therefore, less dependent on petroleum sources, since the polyol component was substituted by products resulting from biomass liquefaction. The partial and fully exchange of the polyols was accomplished, and the results compared with a reference foam. The foams were afterward, chemical, physical, morphological, and mechanically characterized. The complete replacement of polyether polyol and polyol polyester has presented some similar characteristics as that used as a reference, validating that the path chosen for the development of more sustainable materials is on the right track for the contribution to a cleaner world. 相似文献