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391.
Status and effect of pesticide residues in soils under different land uses of Andaman Islands, India
A. V. Murugan T. P. Swarnam S. Gnanasambandan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8135-8145
Pesticides are shown to have a great effect on soil organisms, but the effect varies with pesticide group and concentration, and is modified by soil organic carbon content and soil texture. In the humid tropical islands of Andaman, India, no systematic study was carried out on pesticide residues in soils of different land uses. The present study used the modified QuEChERS method for multiresidue extraction from soils and detection with a gas chromatograph. DDT and its various metabolites, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, aldrin, and fenvalerate, were detected from the study area. Among the different pesticide groups detected, endosulfan and DDT accounted for 41.7 % each followed by aldrin (16.7 %) and synthetic pyrethroid (8.3 %). A significantly higher concentration of pesticide residues was detected in rice–vegetable grown in the valley followed by rice–fallow and vegetable–fallow in the coastal plains. Soil microbial biomass carbon is negatively correlated with the total pesticide residues in soils, and it varied from 181.2 to 350.6 mg?kg?1. Pesticide residues have adversely affected the soil microbial populations, more significantly the bacterial population. The Azotobacter population has decreased to the extent of 51.8 % while actinomycetes were the least affected though accounted for 32 % when compared to the soils with no residue. 相似文献
392.
393.
V. Vijayasree Hebsy Bai S. Naseema Beevi Thomas Biju Mathew Thomas George George Xavier 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2015,187(5):299
Dissipation and decontamination of chlorantraniliprole (Coragen 18.5 SC) in brinjal and okra fruits were studied following field application at single and double doses of 30 and 60 g ai ha?1, and the residues of the insecticide was estimated using LC-MS/MS. Initial residues of chlorantraniliprole at single and double doses on the fruits of brinjal were 0.72 and 1.48 mg kg?1, while on okra fruits, the residues were 0.48 and 0.91 mg kg?1, respectively. The residues reached below detectable level of 0.01 mg kg?1 on the 10th day. Half-life of chlorantraniliprole at 30 and 60 g ai ha?1 on brinjal was 1.58 and 1.80 days with the calculated waiting period of 0.69 and 2.38 days, whereas on okra, the values were 1.60 and 1.70 and 0 and 1.20 days, respectively. The extent of removal of chlorantraniliprole using simple decontaminating techniques at 2 h and 3 days after spraying was 40.99–91.37 % and 29.85–89.12 %, respectively, from brinjal fruits and 47.78–86.10 % and 41.77–86.48 %, respectively, from okra fruits. 相似文献
394.
395.
Montes AM González-Farias FA Botello AV 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1359-1369
The lagoon system of Navachiste-Macapule is located in northern Mexico, in the state of Sinaloa, with an area of 24,000 ha.
The main economic activity in the area is agriculture, and the lagoon lies next to the irrigation district ID-063 which covers
116,615 ha. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels of pollution generated by organochlorine pesticides (OC) in
the surface sediments of the lagoon and in the agricultural drains of the ID-063 that are supposedly transported into the
system as a result of agricultural activities and runoff from adjacent land. For this, between 2006 and 2007, 45 surface sediment
samples were collected (warm dry, rainy and cold dry) from 15 sampling sites, during the three climatic seasons. Of these,
eight were located inside the lagoon in marine conditions (salinity >31 PSU) and seven in the agricultural drains of the ID-063
in freshwater conditions (salinity <5 PSU). The average concentration of the OC in the sediments was 44.75 ng g − 1, among which the group of the alicyclic compounds presented the greatest concentrations. The average value of the total organic
carbon (TOC) in the sediments of the system was 0.90%. The sediments collected inside the lagoon had an average OC concentration
of 18.97 ng g − 1, and the predominant type of sediment was fine to very fine sand. The average OC concentration in the sediments collected
in the agricultural drains was 75.69 ng g − 1, where fine sediments (silt) were predominant. The presence of methoxychlor, endrin and heptachlor suggested that these compounds
were continuously used in the system, even though their use is forbidden in Mexico. 相似文献
396.
de Figueiredo DR Ferreira RV Cerqueira M de Melo TC Pereira MJ Castro BB Correia A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):471-485
The information on bacterial community composition (BCC) in Portuguese water bodies is very scarce. Cértima River (central
western Portugal) is known to have high levels of pollution, namely organic. In the present work, the BCC from a set of 16
water samples collected from Cértima River Basin and its main tributaries was characterized using 16S rDNA–denaturing gradient
gel electrophoresis, a culture-independent molecular approach. Molecular data were related to environmental parameters through
multivariate analysis to investigate potential impact of water pollution along the river. Principal component analysis using
environmental data showed a water quality gradient from more pristine waters (at the mountain tributaries) to waters with
increasingly eutrophic potential (such as Fermentelos Lake). This gradient was mainly defined by factors such as organic and
inorganic nutrient sources, electrical conductivity, hydrogen carbonate concentration, and pH. Molecular results showed variations
in BCC along Cértima River Basin but in the main river section, a Bacteroidetes phylotype (Flavobacterium sp.) proved to be dominant throughout the river course. Multivariate analysis suggests that spatial variation of BCC along
the Cértima River Basin depended mainly on parameters such as Chl a, total suspended solid (TSS), total organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and HCO
_boxclose^-_{3}^{-} levels. Bacteroidetes phylotypes were all related to higher electrical conductivity and HCO3-_{3}^{-} levels although some of these were also correlated with high SO42-_{4}^{2-} and others with high soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, TN, and Kjeld-N levels. The Gammaproteobacteria occurrence was correlated with high SO42-_{4}^{2-} levels. One of the Betaproteobacteria phylotypes showed to correlate with low redox potential (Eh) and high temperature, pH, TSS, and Chl a levels while another one showed a negative correlation with Chl a values. 相似文献
397.
C. Kesavachandran B. S. Pangtey V. Bihari M. Fareed M. K. Pathak A. K. Srivastava N. Mathur 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1265-1272
The World Health Organization has estimated that air pollution is responsible for 1.4 % of all deaths and 0.8 % of disability-adjusted life years. NOIDA, located at the National Capital Region, India, was declared as one of the critically air-polluted areas by the Central Pollution Control Board of the Government of India. Studies on the relationship of reduction in lung functions of residents living in areas with higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in ambient air were inconclusive since the subjects of most of the studies are hospital admission cases. Very few studies, including one from India, have shown the relationship of PM concentration and its effects of lung functions in the same location. Hence, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to study the effect of particulate matter concentration in ambient air on the lung functions of residents living in a critically air-polluted area in India. PM concentrations in ambient air (PM1, PM2.5) were monitored at residential locations and identified locations with higher (NOIDA) and lower concentrations (Gurgaon). Lung function tests (FEV1, PEFR) were conducted using a spirometer in 757 residents. Both air monitoring and lung function tests were conducted on the same day. Significant negative linear relationship exists between higher concentrations of PM1 with reduced FEV1 and increased concentrations of PM2.5 with reduced PEFR and FEV1. The study shows that reductions in lung functions (PEFR and FEV1) can be attributed to higher particulate matter concentrations in ambient air. Decline in airflow obstruction in subjects exposed to high PM concentrations can be attributed to the fibrogenic response and associated airway wall remodeling. The study suggests the intervention of policy makers and stake holders to take necessary steps to reduce the emissions of PM concentrations, especially PM1, PM2.5, which can lead to serious respiratory health concerns in residents. 相似文献
398.
E. Z. Baisheva P. S. Shirokikh V. B. Martynenko B. M. Mirkin 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2018,49(1):21-29
The change in the composition of the bryophyte component of succession communities that occur in the process of natural regeneration at the site of clear felling of the indigenous elm—maple–linden forests of the Bashkir Cis-Ural Region has been studied. The vulnerability of species to the consequences of felling is affected by their substrate confinement, ecological amplitude in relation to the factors of temperature, humidity, variability of soil moisture, and type of life strategy. In the secondary aspen forests, the absence or low constancy of nemoral epiphytic and ground mosses was noted. 相似文献
399.
T. I. Kazantseva B. V. Adamovich A. F. Alimov T. V. Zhukova V. N. Solntsev 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2018,49(1):1-13
Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) has been used to decompose continuous series of data on certain characteristics of Lake Naroch’ ecosystem during the vegetative seasons of years 1978–2015 into a long-time trend, a periodic component, and a residue not amenable to decomposition. The contribution of each component to changes in this variable has been assessed. The trends accounted for 78–97% of parameter variability, and the periodic components accounted for 2.5–15%. The fluctuations of phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass dynamics were the most diverse, and the contribution of these components was the greatest (15 and 8%, respectively). The periodic components in the changes of all parameters could be divided into four groups according to period duration (17–22, 7–15, 4–7, and less than 4 years). Multidimensional factor analysis of seven biotic parameters was performed in order to identify fluctuations in the ecosystem. Five major factors accounting for 93.6% of ecosystem changes together were identified, and each factor variable was subjected to SSA analysis. The period durations were similar for the oscillatory components identified. The first factor was interpreted as a trophic status of the water body, the second was taken to be the geographical location that defines the amount of solar radiation energy available, the third was taken to be the availability of biogenic elements (phosphorus in particular), and the fourth was interpreted as specific developmental cycles of live components of the ecosystem. 相似文献
400.
A. N. Mironovsky Yu. V. Slyn’ko A. N. Kasyanov T. V. Goroshkova 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2018,49(2):160-165
Analysis of variation in morphological characters of Potanin Altai osman, Oreoleuciscus potanini, from two freshwater and one brackish water lakes of Western Mongolia has shown that specimens of different ecological forms—herbivorous and piscivorous—form two integral and, at the level under consideration, internally indivisible units in the system of phenetic diversity of the species O. potanini. 相似文献