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71.
Mohammad Muhshin Aziz Khan Zaheed Ibne Halim Mohammad Iqbal 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2006,12(3):327-341
Case-study research was carried out with a view to find the attributes of occupational injury among workers in the chemical industry and to enhance safety issues. Injury data were collected and processed in terms of different variables, such as age, gender, skills, type of hazard, etc. Pareto analysis was then applied to find a pattern of occupational injury among the workers. The study revealed that 79.52% of the injured workers were in the 40-59 age group; 57.14% of accidents occurred during the 1st shift; 73.26% of accidents caused injury to hands, feet, chest to thigh, arms and eyes; and 70.93% of injuries were caused by pumps, carrying and lifting, vehicles, pipelines, valves, and grinding. Surprisingly, no one was injured in the group of temporary workers. The paper also provides specific suggestions followed by some action plans. 相似文献
72.
Ara Talat Nisa Waqar-Un Aziz Rukhsanda Rafiq Muhammad Tariq Gill Rafaqat Ali Hayat Malik Tahir Afridi Uzma 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(9):1-11
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - As the largest organ of the human body, the skin is the major exposure route of NO2. However, the evidence for a relationship between NO2 exposure and... 相似文献
73.
Reut Loria Inon Scharf Aziz Subach Ofer Ovadia 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1185-1192
Antlion larvae are sand-dwelling insect predators, which ambush small arthropod prey while buried in the sand. In some species,
the larvae construct conical pits and are considered as sit-and-wait predators which seldom relocate while in other species,
they ambush prey without a pit but change their ambush site much more frequently (i.e., sit-and-pursue predators). The ability
of antlion larvae to evade some of their predators which hunt them on the sand surface is strongly constrained by the degree
of sand stabilization or by sand depth. We studied the effect of predator presence, predator type (active predatory beetle
vs. sit-and-pursue wolf spider), and sand depth (shallow vs. deep sand) on the behavioral response of the pit building Myrmeleon hyalinus larvae and the sit-and-pursue Lopezus fedtschenkoi larvae. Predator presence had a negative effect on both antlion species activity. The sit-and-wait M. hyalinus larvae showed reduced pit-building activity, whereas the sit-and-pursue L. fedtschenkoi larvae decreased relocation activity. The proportion of relocating M. hyalinus was negatively affected by sand depth, whereas L. fedtschenkoi was negatively affected also by the predator type. Specifically, the proportion of individual L. fedtschenkoi that relocated in deeper sand was lower when facing the active predator rather than the sit-and-pursue predator. The proportion
of M. hyalinus which constructed pits decreased in the presence of a predator, but this pattern was stronger when exposed to the active
predator. We suggest that these differences between the two antlion species are strongly linked to their distinct foraging
modes and to the foraging mode of their predators.
Reut Loria and Inon Scharf contributed equally to the paper. 相似文献
74.
Aziz Khan Daniel Kean Yuen Tan Fazal Munsif Muhammad Zahir Afridi Farooq Shah Fan Wei Shah Fahad Ruiyang Zhou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(30):23471-23487
Cotton (Gossypium hirustum L.) is grown globally as a major source of natural fiber. Nitrogen (N) management is cumbersome in cotton production systems; it has more impacts on yield, maturity, and lint quality of a cotton crop than other primary plant nutrient. Application and production of N fertilizers consume large amounts of energy, and excess application can cause environmental concerns, i.e., nitrate in ground water, and the production of nitrous oxide a highly potent greenhouse gas (GHG) to the atmosphere, which is a global concern. Therefore, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of cotton plant is critical in this context. Slow-release fertilizers (e.g., polymer-coated urea) have the potential to increase cotton yield and reduce environmental pollution due to more efficient use of nutrients. Limited literature is available on the mitigation of GHG emissions for cotton production. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of N fertilization, in cotton growth and GHG emission management strategies, and will assess, justify, and organize the researchable priorities. Nitrate and ammonium nitrogen are essential nutrients for successful crop production. Ammonia (NH3) is a central intermediate in plant N metabolism. NH3 is assimilated in cotton by the mediation of glutamine synthetase, glutamine (z-) oxoglutarate amino-transferase enzyme systems in two steps: the first step requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to add NH3 to glutamate to form glutamine (Gln), and the second step transfers the NH3 from glutamine (Gln) to α-ketoglutarate to form two glutamates. Once NH3 has been incorporated into glutamate, it can be transferred to other carbon skeletons by various transaminases to form additional amino acids. The glutamate and glutamine formed can rapidly be used for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight organic N compounds (LMWONCs) such as amides, amino acids, ureides, amines, and peptides that are further synthesized into high-molecular-weight organic N compounds (HMWONCs) such as proteins and nucleic acids. 相似文献
75.
Burkhard O. Wagner Elham Refaat Abdel Aziz Anja Schwetje Fatma Abou Shouk Juliane Koch-Jugl Michael Braedt Keya Choudhury Roland Weber 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2087-2097
The sustainable management of chemicals and their associated wastes—especially legacy stockpiles—is always challenging. Developing countries face particular difficulties as they often have insufficient treatment and disposal capacity, have limited resources and many lack an appropriate and effective regulatory framework. This paper describes the objectives and the approach of the Egyptian–German Twinning Project under the European Neighbourhood Policy to improve the strategy of managing hazardous substances in the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) between November 2008 and May 2011. It also provides an introduction to the Republic of Egypt’s legal and administrative system regarding chemical controls. Subsequently, options for a new chemical management strategy consistent with the recommendations of the United Nations Chemicals Conventions are proposed. The Egyptian legal and administrative system is discussed in relation to the United Nations’ recommendations and current European Union legislation for the sound management of chemicals. We also discuss a strategy for the EEAA to use the existing Egyptian legal system to implement the United Nations’ Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, the Stockholm Convention and other proposed regulatory frameworks. The analysis, the results, and the recommendations presented may be useful for other developing countries in a comparable position to Egypt aspiring to update their legislation and administration to the international standards of sound management of chemicals. 相似文献
76.
Dosnon-Olette R Schröder P Bartha B Aziz A Couderchet M Eullaffroy P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(6):1015-1021
Purpose
Plants can absorb a diversity of natural and man-made toxic compounds for which they have developed diverse detoxification mechanisms. Plants are able to metabolize and detoxify a wide array of xenobiotics by oxidation, sugar conjugation, glutathione conjugation, and more complex reactions. In this study, detoxification mechanisms of dimethomorph, a fungicide currently found in aquatic media were investigated in Elodea canadensis. 相似文献77.
Shahla Ataei Rosiyah Yahya Seng Neon Gan Aziz Hassan 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(2):507-513
Thermal decomposition kinetics of three palm oleic acid-based alkyds with different oil lengths and having different molecular weights were studied using TGA measurements under non-isothermal conditions. Activation energies were obtained from Kissinger and Ozawa, Flynn and Wall (OFW) methods and subsequently the pre-exponential factor, A, degradation rate constant, k, for all the alkyds were also determined. From kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition using the OFW method, it was found that degradation of all the alkyds has taken place in more than two stages, corresponding to different mechanisms. As shown from Ozawa and Kissinger methods, the chemical composition of the alkyds influenced the thermal degradation; increasing the phthalic anhydride and glycerol, and decreasing the oleic acid increased the thermal stabilities of the alkyds. 相似文献
78.
Joanna Burger Michael Gochfeld Zenon Batang Nabeel Alikunhi Ramzi Al-Jahdali Dalal Al-Jebreen Mohammed A. M. Aziz Abdulaziz Al-Suwailem 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6721-6746
Metal levels in fish have been extensively studied, but little data currently exists for the Middle East. We examined the levels of metals and metalloids (aluminum, arsenic, copper, manganese, selenium, zinc, and mercury) in the flesh of 13 fish species collected from three fishing sites and a local fish market in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We tested the following null hypotheses: (1) there are no interspecific differences in metal levels, (2) there are no differences in metal levels in fishes between market and fishing sites, (3) there are no size-related differences in metal levels, and (4) there are no differences in selenium:mercury molar ratio among different fish species. There were significant interspecific differences in concentrations for all metals. There was an order of magnitude difference in the levels of aluminum, arsenic, mercury, manganese, and selenium, indicating wide variation in potential effects on the fish themselves and on their predators. Fishes from Area II, close to a large commercial port, had the highest levels of arsenic, mercury, and selenium, followed by market fishes. Mercury was positively correlated with body size in 6 of the 13 fish species examined. Mercury was correlated positively with arsenic and selenium, but negatively with aluminum, cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc. Selenium:mercury molar ratios varied significantly among species, with Carangoides bajad, Cephalopholis argus, Variola louti, and Ephinephelus tauvina having ratios below 10:1. These findings can be used in risk assessments, design of mercury reduction plans, development of fish advisories to protect public health, and future management decision-making. 相似文献
79.
The analyses presented in this paper include the concentration levels of NO2 and O3 measured during 2 successive years in twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan from November 2009 to March 2011. NO2 was determined using the passive sampling method, while ozone was determined by Model 400E ozone analyzer. The average NO2 and O3 concentration in twin cities of Pakistan was found to be 44?±?6 and 18.2?±?1.24 ppb, respectively. Results indicate that the concentration of NO2 and O3 show seasonal variations. Results also depict that NO2 and O3 concentration levels are high in areas of intense traffic flow and congestion. Rawalpindi has more elevated levels of NO2 and O3 as compared to the Islamabad due to the narrow roads, enclosing architecture of road network and congestion. Climatic variables also influenced the NO2 and O3 concentration, i.e., temperature is positively related with O3, while negatively related with NO2, relative humidity is directly related with NO2 and inversely related with O3, whereas rainfall show negative association with both NO2 and O3 concentration. Comparing the results with WHO standards reveals that NO2 concentration levels at all the sampling points are above the permissible limit, while ozone concentration is still lower than the WHO standards. Thus, there is a need to take appropriate steps to control these continuously increasing levels of NO2 and O3 before they become a serious hazard for the environment and people living in those areas. 相似文献
80.
Shah MH Iqbal J Shaheen N Khan N Choudhary MA Akhter G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1243-1252
Selected trace metals were estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry in the water and soil samples collected from the remote
region of Himalaya. The soil samples were analysed for soluble and acid extractable fraction of trace metals. In water samples,
Ca, Na, Mg and K emerged as dominant contributors, whereas, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe and Pb were estimated at comparatively higher
levels in the water extract of the soil. In case of acid extract of the soil samples, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, Mn and Na were found
at elevated concentrations. Based on mean levels of the metals, following decreasing concentration order was observed in water
samples: Ca > Na > Mg > K > Pb > Co > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cr > Fe > Cd > Li, however, in the acid extract of the soil, following
order was noted: Ca > K > Fe > Mg > Mn > Na > Pb > Zn > Cr > Li > Cu > Co > Cd. The correlation study revealed appreciably
diverse mutual relationships of trace metals in the water and soil samples. The multivariate cluster analyses exhibited divergent
apportionment of trace metals in water and soil samples. Among the trace metals, Cd, Pb, Li, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn and Co exhibited
extreme to significant anthropogenic enrichment in the soil samples, while the rest of the metals were mostly contributed
by the natural processes. 相似文献