对人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计技术关键的探讨

重点探讨了人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计过程中的技术关键问题,提出系统水力停留时间、水传导、表面负荷率、系统深度、处理单元长宽及其比例、进出水系统布置、防渗材料等七点是人工湿地污水处理系统设计的技术关键。     

SBR工艺设计经验探讨

提出了SBR工艺中,反应池容积、反应时间以及需氧量的计算方法和设计经验。同时,在研读和对比国内外相关资料的基础上,探讨了SBR工艺发生污泥膨胀的可能性和原因,介绍了控制方法与措施。     

Catchment-wide assessment of the cost-effectiveness of stormwater remediation measures in urban areas

The cost effectiveness of catchment-wide funding for the environmental remediation of urban waterways on the scale of a major metropolitan catchment is examined considering the typical land-use and pollutant-export characteristics of urban catchments. The evaluation is performed by comparing the effectiveness of the major stormwater treatment modes for the pollutants of concern with the proportion of pollutant export to which the measure applies. The heavy metals copper, lead, and zinc in the aqueous phase or bound to fine particulates are identified as representative of the pollutants of concern in drainage from urban catchments. The analysis suggests that these priority pollutants are predominantly (79–87%) derived from runoff from residential property and roads as disseminated urban surfaces. Analysis of a specific case of catchment-wide funding of stormwater remediation in the Sydney Harbour catchment, Australia reveals that the funding allocation cannot be expected to have achieved reductions in the loads of priority pollutants due to the types of treatment measures implemented and the sources addressed. The apportionment of funding in better accordance with the maximum potential effectiveness of stormwater treatment modes and the pollutant-export characteristics of urban catchments could thus be expected to achieve a more cost-effective result from such funding initiatives.     

气浮法对矿区洗浴污水中洗涤剂处理及回用研究

通过不同方案的对比试验,确定了矿区洗浴污水处理及回用的工艺,重点解决了阴离子合成洗涤剂对水质的影响,为矿区洗浴污水回用提供一项可行的方案。     

Recovery of Cu and Fe from Printed Circuit Board waste sludge by ultrasound: Evaluation of industrial application

The paper presents a novel cleaner process for metal recovery from the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) waste sludge by assistance of ultrasound. The process can effectively recover heavy metals at low cost with high separation and recovery efficiency, produce high quality products and also achieve zero waste discharge with operation at industrial scale. With the PCB waste sludge containing (wet content) 3.14–4.85% copper and 3.71–4.23% iron, copper recovery efficiency of 95.2–97.5% and iron recovery efficiency of 97.1–98.5% were achieved, while the purity of copper sulfate produced by the process was 98.0% and the produced ferric chloride had a satisfied quality for using as a coagulant material for the plant on-site wastewater treatment. The process had been successfully scaled up to the industrial scaled applications in a heavy metal recovery plant in city of Huizhou, China for more than two years. The novel cleaner heavy metal recovery process has a great prospect on the applications of resources recovery and environmental protection practices.     

复合垂直流人工湿地的脱氮机理及影响因素分析

采用沸石和砾石作为填料,研究复合垂直流人工湿地处理农村生活污水的脱氮机理。试验结果表明:复合垂直流人工湿地对污水中氮的去除主要发生在下行流填料柱中,其去除机理主要是微生物对溶解态氮的硝化和反硝化作用;悬浮态氮沉积在填料孔隙中,会出现氮释放现象;水温、气水比、碳氮比、氮源形式等因素对湿地系统的脱氮效率有显著影响。     

热电厂再生水回用工艺分析

介绍一套日处理量14 400 t的再生水回用工艺,该工艺应用预处理+反渗透工艺深度处理二级城市污水并将产水回用于热电厂的循环冷却水及锅炉补给水的源水,分析了该工艺关键单元的特点。运行结果表明:该工艺可行,产水各项指标满足该热电厂对回用水的要求。最后,对工艺运行过程中出现的问题提出解决办法和改进建议。     

基于指标模糊权和协调性下的地下水水质评价模型构建及应用

在地下水质量标准中,各指标权重的选择与权重的内涵存在着不确定性;同一指标的分级界点值差异显著,近似地呈现几何级数变化。基于以上这两种情况,构建基于指标模糊权和协调性下的地下水水质评价模型。应用层次分析法和专家调查9标度法确定指标的相对权重,结合贝塔系数计算出指标的模糊权重。对评价标准及待评价地下水水质监测值进行对数变换,采用距离测度法来构造隶属函数,并对其进行求余,按最大隶属原则来评判地下水质量等级。应用此模型对徐州市的重要水源地——张集地下水水质进行评价。结果表明:研究区的20个采样点水质为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的占90%,符合饮用水的要求。与投影寻踪法的评价结果基本一致。     

湿地植物对污水中氮、磷去除效果的试验研究

采用室内试验和现场试验考察了黄花鸢尾、水葱和梭鱼草3种挺水植物对类污水处理厂二级出水中氮、磷的吸收速率、吸收容量和吸收贡献。结果表明:短期内,各种湿地植物污水中氮、磷的吸收速率比较稳定,但在整个生长周期内,各种植物对氮、磷的吸收速率却有较大变化,4月份,水葱对氮、磷的吸收速率最大,8月份,梭鱼草对氮、磷的吸收速率最大。在整个生长期内,黄花鸢尾对氮、磷的吸收容量一直保持最大,在10月下旬分别达到21.5和4.16 g/m2,因此其对二级出水中氮、磷去除的吸收贡献也最大,分别为30%和73%。这表明湿地植物的选择不仅要考查其对污染物的吸收速率,更要关注其对污染物的吸收容量,并且湿地植物的吸收作用对类二级出水中氮、磷的去除具有更加重要的意义。     

生物法处理棉浆黑液的现场实验研究

利用经驯化的以嗜碱菌群为主的好氧活性污泥及常规厌氧、好氧污泥,针对不同浓度的棉浆黑液在现场进行了单独好氧及好氧-厌氧-好氧全流程工艺实验。结果表明:对棉浆黑液直接进行好氧曝气,可将原水pH值自12.4左右稳定降低至10以下,COD去除率可达40%左右。全流程实验中厌氧效果显著,pH值最低可降至8.2,整个系统抗冲击能力强,运行稳定,COD总去除率保持在63%以上。