Removal of Prussian blue from contaminated soil in the rhizosphere of cyanogenic plants

The fate of radiolabeled cyanide in soil was investigated during exposure to cyanogenic plant species, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. P721) and flax (Linum usitassimum var. Omega-Gold), in fully-contained growth chambers. Labeled cyanide was subject to microbial transformation, assimilation by plant roots, incorporation and biodegradation in plant tissue. For this study, (14)C-labeled cyanide was added to soil, and distribution of (14)C activity was assessed before plant establishment and after harvest. After 3 months of plant growth, 7% of the (14)C-labeled cyanide was converted to (14)CO(2) with sorghum and 6% with flax, compared with only 2% conversion in unplanted soil. A small amount of unaltered cyanide was shown to be accumulated by the plants (approximately 140 mg cyanide/kg plant or <0.1% of the total). Results from this experiment demonstrate the potential of cyanogenic plants for use in phytoremediation of cyanide-contaminated soil.     

钒和钨负载量对V2O5-WO3/TiO2表面形态及催化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同钒和钨负载量的V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂样品,对样品NH3选择性催化还原NO性能进行了评价,并用BET、XRD、XPS等手段对催化剂样品的表面形态进行了表征.研究发现,钒的负载量对催化剂的比表面积和催化活性有显著影响,当钒负载量从1%升高到8%时,催化剂比表面积下降了16 m2/g,最高活性温度降低了约100℃.钨起到稳定剂和助剂的双重作用,当钒负载量为1%时,钨负载量从0升高到6%,催化剂比表面积仅下降了3 m2/g,而活性温度窗口向高温和低温各拓宽了约50℃.研究表明钒和钨负载量都能影响催化剂表面的VOx物种,但对催化剂的表面晶型没有明显影响.     

Acute and sub-lethal toxicity of landfill leachate towards two aquatic macro-invertebrates: demonstrating the remediation potential of air stripping

A specific leachate that contained 1.036 mg l(-1) of 2-chlorobiphenyl was used in the study (255 mg l(-1) COD and 133 mg l(-1) BOD5). Bench scale (20 l) air stripping trials were used to simulate on a small-scale the treatment potential of this method. Air stripping effectively reduced the leachates COD concentration. Regardless of the volume of air supplied (1-5 l of air per minute) the leachates COD reached a <50 mg l(-1) equilibrium after 96-h exposure, however, increasing the volume of air accelerated the process. In untreated leachate, the LC50 for Asellus aquaticus was 57% v/v leachate in deionised water and 5% for Gammarus pulex (96-h, static LC50 tests without nutrition and oxygen depleting conditions). After being exposed to air stripping, these values rose from 90% to below the LC50 threshold for Asellus when 1-5 l of air per minute were applied and 30-90% for Gammarus. Furthermore, in sub-lethal concentrations of air stripped leachate (leachate that had been exposed to 5-l of air per minute for 96-h) the population dynamics of both test species remained unaltered.     

Phytoremediation of aged petroleum sludge: effect of inorganic fertilizer

Phytoremediation is a promising new technology that uses higher plants to enhance biodegradation. Nutrient availability is an important factor governing the success of phytoremediation and can be regulated through the addition of fertilizer. A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus for the phytoremediation of petroleum sludge. Degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was quantified for six fertilization rates and three vegetation treatments: bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and an unvegetated control. During the first 6 mo of the experiment, TPH declined by an average of 49% with no significant differences between treatments. After 1 yr, TPH degradation was significantly greater in both vegetated treatments with a mean TPH reduction of 68% for bermuda, 62% for fescue, and 57% for the unvegetated control. Degradation of TPH in the fescue and bermuda treatments was significantly lower in the treatments in which no fertilizer was added or N and P were added simply to maintain plant growth compared with the higher rates of fertilization. For this short-term, greenhouse experiment, optimal remediation was obtained by fertilization that produced a C to N to P ratio of 100:2:0.2.     

机动车源和民用燃料源颗粒物中有机碳和元素碳的排放特征

为了获取机动车源尾气和主要民用燃料源燃烧过程排放的颗粒物中含碳气溶胶的排放特征,使用多功能便携式稀释通道采样器和Model 5L-NDIR型OC/EC分析仪,采集分析了典型机动车源(汽油车、轻柴油车、重柴油车)、民用煤(块煤和型煤)和生物质燃料(麦秆、木板、葡萄树树枝)的PM₁₀和PM_2.5样品中的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC).结果表明,不同排放源释放的PM₁₀和PM_2.5中含碳气溶胶的质量分数存在显著差异.总碳(TC)在不同源PM₁₀和PM_2.5中的质量分数范围分别为40.8%～68.5%和30.5%～70.9%,OC/EC范围分别为1.49～31.56和1.90～87.57.不同源产生的含碳气溶胶均以OC为主,OC在PM₁₀和PM_2.5中的质量分数范围分别为56.3%～97.0%和65.0%～98.7%.在PM₁₀和PM_2.5的含碳气溶胶中OC质量分数按照从高到低...     

改性生物炭负载零价铁对土壤中三氯乙烯的去除及微生物响应

三氯乙烯是场地及地下水中广泛存在的典型有机污染物,生物炭基零价铁材料可用于去除地下水中三氯乙烯,然而其也会影响含水层土壤的微生物群落,进而改变三氯乙烯的归趋.通过限氧控温热解,NaOH和HNO₃改性处理,并采用球磨法合成了改性生物炭负载零价铁复合材料,研究了不同改性生物炭负载零价铁对模拟含水层土壤中三氯乙烯的去除及微生物群落的作用机制.结果表明,NaOH改性显著提高了复合材料的比表面积.NaOH改性和Fe/BC为1∶10的复合材料(BC＿2处理组)对三氯乙烯的去除率最高,为90.01%.除BC＿1处理组外,不同处理组均提高了土壤微生物的多样性,改变了微生物群落结构,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)可能是三氯乙烯的降解菌属.BC＿2处理组增加了土壤中硫杆菌属和假单胞菌属的相对丰度,有利于三氯乙烯的降解.类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioideas)、Thermincola、溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)、Gemmatimonas、Microvirga和假单胞菌属维持了微生物群落结构的稳定.微...     

基于渗透特性的MSW颗粒组成和结构分析

在南方某填埋场埋深5~30m范围内取6组重约5kg的试样,对其进行筛分与分拣,研究垃圾颗粒组成随埋深的变化规律,同时对不同荷载作用下的垃圾试样进行染色切片,对比分析上覆压力对垃圾内部结构的影响.结果表明：对于不同埋深的城市固体废弃物,细颗粒（0D,即粒径<2cm）所占比例最大,几乎均超过50%,粗粒中2D颗粒所占比例最高,而塑料在2D颗粒中占比最大;随着荷载的增大,细粒含量增加,大孔隙和优先流通道减小.上覆压力主要通过减少垃圾内部孔隙通道,进而减小渗透系数;2D颗粒在荷载的作用下能定向排列,使渗流路径发生曲折,进而导致渗流各向异性.2D颗粒的定向排列是垃圾渗流各向异性产生的关键因素,其中塑料又是其最重要的因素.     

耐候性试验在乘用车密封条研发中的应用

本文介绍了耐候性试验在乘用车密封条研发过程中的作用,对比分析了国内外测试标准间的差异,简述了有关乘用车密封条耐候性试验的研究进展。