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新藏公路(新疆段)沿线道路病害及成因初析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
新藏公路新疆段横跨塔里木盆地与昆仑山两大地貌单元,沿线泥石流、滑坡、水毁、崩塌、坍塌、碎落、雪害、涎流冰、翻浆和多年冻土等道路病害类型多样,发生频繁,不时断道阻车,严重影响着新藏公路的通行。该段沿线地质构造错综复杂,新构造运动和地震活动强烈,地形起伏大,地貌类型多样,气候条件多变,冰川作用强烈,以及人为不合理的建设活动和现有道路设计标准低、承灾能力差等,促进了各类道路病害的形成和发展。随着全球气候变暖、太阳活动和地震活动的加强,道路病害将进人新的活跃期,防灾形势十分严峻。 相似文献
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Dung Nguyen Charles E. Schaefer Jeffrey T. Bamer Heather A. Lanza Derek Wintle Ken G. Maynard Peter Murphy Richard H. Anderson 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2023,33(4):309-321
Bench-scale batch tests were conducted to assess the potential applicability of a combined separation/concentration/destruction treatment train to address soils and sediments impacted by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination at Schriever Space Force Base with historic aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF). Specifically, a novel treatment train coupling soil washing (for treatment of impacted soil/sediment) with foam fractionation (for treatment of the wash water [WW] generated during soil washing) and electrochemical oxidation (ECO, for treatment of the foam fractionate generated during foam fractionation) was evaluated at the bench scale using site-specific materials. Results presented herein show that the AFFF-impacted sandy soils with low organic content were amenable to treatment via soil washing. However, the removal of hydrophobic PFAS, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), from the organic-rich sediments was challenging. Results from batch desorption experiments were within a factor of 2 of those generated by soil washing bench studies, suggesting that simple batch tests can potentially be used to reasonably predict the treatment efficacy of soil washing. Long-chained perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) within the WW were removed more effectively in the foam fractionation studies as compared to short-chain PFAAs. Addition of a surfactant, such as cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), enhanced foaming but only marginally improved the treatment of short-chained PFAAs and in some cases inhibited PFOS removal. ECO reduced PFAS concentrations in the foam fractionate generated during foam fractionation by several orders of magnitude. However, generation of unwanted byproducts may warrant further treatment and/or disposal. Overall, results from this study provide a novel data set highlighting the site-dependent nature of these PFAS remedial technologies and how simple, low-cost bench tests can be reliably leveraged for informed decision-making during PFAS remedial planning. 相似文献
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Noh Kyungdeok Thi Luc The Jeong Byoung Ryong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25762-25774
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Among air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) has been identified as a major cause of environmental pollutants due to the advancement of industrial... 相似文献
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Concentrations of heavy metals were determined in the water column (including the sea-surface microlayer, subsurface, mid-depth
and bottom water) and sediments from Singapore’s coastal environment. The concentration ranges for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb
and Zn in the seawater dissolved phase (DP) were 0.34–2.04, 0.013–0.109, 0.07–0.35, 0.23–1.16, 0.28–0.78, 0.009–0.062 and
0.97–3.66 μg L−1 respectively. The ranges for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) were 0.16–0.73, 6.72–53.93,
12.87–118.29, 4.34–60.71, 1.10–6.08 and 43.09–370.49 μg g−1, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations in sediments ranged between 0.054–0.217, 37.48–50.52, 6.30–21.01, 13.27–26.59,
24.14–37.28 and 48.20–62.36 μg g−1 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. The lowest concentrations of metals in the DP and SPM were most frequently found
in the subsurface water while the highest concentrations were mostly observed in the SML and bottom water. Overall, heavy
metals in both the dissolved and particulate fractions have depth profiles that show a decreasing trend of concentrations
from the subsurface to the bottom water, indicating that the prevalence of metals is linked to the marine biological cycle.
In comparison to data from Greece, Malaysia and USA, the levels of metals in the DP are considered to be low in Singapore.
Higher concentrations of particulate metals were reported for the Northern Adriatic Sea and the Rhine/Meuse estuary in the
Netherlands compared to values reported in this study. The marine sediments in Singapore are not heavily contaminated when
compared to metal levels in marine sediments from other countries such as Thailand, Japan, Korea, Spain and China. 相似文献
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