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41.
Shi T Schins RP Knaapen AM Kuhlbusch T Pitz M Heinrich J Borm PJ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(4):550-556
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the relationship between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and health effects in those with cardiopulmonary diseases. The free radical generating activity of particles has been suggested as a unifying factor in the biological activity of PM in toxicological studies but so far has not been applied as a method for environmental monitoring of PM. The purpose of this study was to characterize hydroxyl radical (OH*) production by different size fractions of PM, to use as an alternative method for monitoring of PM composition and activity. We have developed a method, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), to measure OH* radical formation in suspensions of particles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as a specific spin-trap. Samples of ambient particulate matter (PM) of different size fractions were collected from various sites on various filters. PM deposited on filters as well as suspensions in water retain its ability to generate OH* and this generation is determined by concentration of hydrogen peroxide and soluble metals. However, large variations in OH* radical formation and kinetics were found with different soluble metals and within metals (Fe, V) with different valencies. The method was applied to environmental monitoring in Hettstedt-Zerbst, situated in South-Eastern Germany, where it showed a relation to Cu-content of PM. The method was also applied in Duisburg, where the PMI fraction showed the highest DMPO-OH* generation but was not linked to particle counts. The method integrates metal bioavailability and reactivity and can provide a better understanding of the effect of small variations in mass concentrations on health. 相似文献
42.
Distribution of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Andrade S Poblet A Scagliola M Vodopivez C Curtosi A Pucci A Marcovecchio J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,66(2):147-158
The concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper,chromium, iron, manganese and zinc in surfacesediments collected from Potter Cove, in the 25de Mayo Island (King George Island), Antarctica, andits drainage basin, were measured by atomic absorptionspectroscopy. The obtained results were use todetermine the areal and vertical distribution of themetals of in the Cove and potential sources of thesemetals to this environment. The geochemical datasuggest that most of the metals found in Potter Coveconstitute a redistribution of autochthonous materialswithin the ecosystem. Therefore, the metalconcentrations can be considered to be present atnatural background levels in surface sediments. 相似文献
43.
Tatyana Karpova Sergei Preis Juha Kallas Adélia Luciana Barros Torres 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(4):219-224
The potential of the photocatalytic oxidation to selectively oxidise steroid estrogens, β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol,
in the presence of saccharose and ethanol as co-pollutants was clearly demonstrated. The alkaline media conditions remained
the most beneficial for the PCO regardless the presence of co-pollutants under consideration. Saccharose appeared to be the
more powerful competitor than ethanol. The influence of the co-pollutants is explained by their competition for the adsorption
sites and also scavenging of the OH-radicals. 相似文献
44.
45.
W. H. M. Ad Meijs 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(1):5-8
The assessment of pesticides is based on the intrinsic properties of the formulation, the ingredients of the␣formulation and
the way the pesticide is applied. The parameters used in the assessment of the efficacy and environmental risks (plants, humans
and animals) may be changed by the properties of new pesticides and new application techniques. The type of information needed
for new pesticides and application techniques to comply with regulations set up by authorisation bodies will be discussed. 相似文献
46.
47.
Paula Adánez Sanjuán Juan F. Llamas Borrajo Juan Locutura Rupérez Angel García Cortés 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(6):1129-1150
Overbank and stream sediments have been studied in the Community of Madrid. Four vertical profiles have been sampled corresponding to Guadarrama, Jarama, and finally Manzanares River, where two profiles have been studied upstream (El Pardo profile) and downstream (Rivas profile) Madrid city. Sieved samples (<63 µm) were subjected to total (ICP-MS/ICP-OES and INAA) and partial analysis (ICP-MS). AMS radiocarbon dating techniques revealed a young age (170 ± 40 years BP) at 2.40–2.65 m depth for Rivas profile. It has not been possible to detect pristine or pre-industrial overbank sediments, since in the rest of the studied profiles, anthropogenic wastes were found even in the lower levels. Three main sources of sediment have been detected in the area. Granitic and arkosic geology, located in the northern part of Madrid (U, Th, W, K, Na, or rare earth elements); clays located in the southeast of Madrid (Ni, Cr, or V), and finally an anthropogenic source has been identified (Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, or Sb) in Rivas profile. The influence of the anthropogenic activity has been established based on the contents distribution of contaminant elements in the profile. This can be associated to the growth of industrial activities and population in the city of Madrid during the last decades. The comparison of the profiles by a k-means cluster analysis showed some similarities for these samples that could have analogous sources (anthropogenic and geological). 相似文献
48.
Sombrito EZ Bulos Ad Sta Maria EJ Honrado MC Azanza RV Furio EF 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2004,76(1-2):177-194
The number of areas affected by toxic harmful algal bloom (HAB) in the Philippines has been increasing since its first recorded occurrence in 1983. Thus far, HAB has been reported in about 20 areas in the Philippines including major fishery production areas. The HAB-causing organism (Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum) produces a cyst during its life cycle. Pyrodinium cysts which are deposited in the sediment column may play a role in initiating a toxic bloom. 210Pb-derived sedimentation rate studies in the two important fishing grounds of Manila Bay and Malampaya Sound, Palawan have shown that Pyrodinium cysts may have been present in the sediment even before the first recorded toxic algal bloom in these areas. High sedimentation rates (approximately 1 cm/year) have been observed in the northern and western parts of Manila Bay. The results indicate that the sedimentation processes occurring in these bays would require subsurface cyst concentration analysis in evaluating the potential of an area to act as seed bed. 相似文献