重组人核糖核酸酶抑制因子基因的siRNA表达载体构建及B16细胞中基因沉默的鉴定

人核糖核酸酶抑制因子(Human ribonuclease inhibitor, hRI)是细胞质中的一种酸性糖蛋白,可以与血管生长因子(Angiogenin, Ang)紧密结合从而抑制血管形成.利用全基因组合成法合成针对人核糖核酸酶抑制因子基因(hri)的发夹shRNA序列,亚克隆到siRNA表达载体pKD;重组载体经酶切鉴定后,用脂质体法与报告基因绿色荧光蛋白重组融合的人核糖核酸酶抑制因子的逆转录病毒载体pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri共转染到小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16中,在荧光显微镜下检测干扰效果.用Image-Pro plus 4.5软件对绿色荧光照片半定量分析干扰效率.结果表明,荧光显微镜显示B16中表达的绿色荧光被干扰,荧光强度半定量分析干扰效率可达80%以上.成功重组构建了针对hri的siRNA表达载体.图5参9     

"热水洗+臭氧氧化"联合工艺处理大颗粒油基岩屑

针对油基岩屑处理过程中的大颗粒部分(0.5—1 cm),研究了以"热水洗+臭氧氧化"为核心的联合工艺的处理效果,并分别对热水洗、臭氧氧化环节的工艺参数进行了优化.结果表明,在最优条件下,经过处理后的油基岩屑的含油率可由15.8%降低到0.24%,达到了GB 4284-2018中规定的处置要求,处理过程中回收的油分可重新用于配制钻井液.通过对油基岩屑固相的表征发现,其具备臭氧催化氧化催化剂的明显特征,是一种天然的臭氧催化氧化催化剂,并从反应动力学角度对臭氧氧化环节的反应特性进行了定量分析.结果表明,其满足准一级反应动力学特征,反应活化能为14.421 kJ·mol~(-1).以"热水洗+臭氧氧化"为核心的联合工艺为大颗粒油基岩屑的无害化、资源化处理提供了一种参考.     

乙草胺、丁草胺和异丙甲草胺在室外天然水中的非生物降解及其影响因素

在亚热带冬、夏两季室外自然光照和温度条件下,研究了环境浓度下乙草胺、丁草胺和异丙甲草胺在河水和海水基底中的非生物降解(水解+光解)行为,并结合室内实验研究了非生物降解的影响因素.室外实验结果表明,冬季(气温12.30—26.98℃,平均17.47℃)乙草胺、丁草胺和异丙甲草胺在河水中的非生物降解半衰期(t1/2)为64—131 d、水解t1/2为105—346 d、光解t1/2为159—410 d,海水中非生物降解t1/2为89—193 d、水解t1/2为77—277 d、光解t1/2为417—630 d;夏季(气温20.77—30.37℃,平均27.22℃)3种目标农药在河水中非生物降解t1/2为4—20 d、水解t1/2为7—54 d、光解t1/2为7—32 d,海水中非生物降解t1/2为10—50 d、水解t1/2为23—67 d、光解t1/2为17—192 d.目标农药在海水中的残留持久性远高于河水;超纯水条件下,光解在目标农药的非生物降解中占主导地位;河水中的光解速率快于海水.室内实验发现,硝酸盐促进了3种目标农药的水解,同时对乙草胺和丁草胺的光解也起到促进作用;p H升高促进了异丙甲草胺的水解和光解速率,但是抑制了丁草胺的水解和乙草胺、丁草胺的光解;腐殖质添加浓度为10 mg·L-1和20 mg·L-1时促进了3种目标农药的水解,但在浓度达30 mg·L-1时则抑制了乙草胺的水解及异丙甲草胺的光解.总体而言,3种目标农药在实际水环境中的降解半衰期均较长,其降解机理和毒性效应值得进一步研究.     

Characteristics of plankton Hg bioaccumulations based on a global data set and the implications for aquatic systems with aggravating nutrient imbalance

• Hg bioaccumulation by phytoplankton varies among aquatic ecosystems. • Active Hg uptake may exist for the phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems. • Impacts of nutrient imbalance on food chain Hg transfer should be addressed. The bioaccumulation of mercury (Hg) in aquatic ecosystem poses a potential health risk to human being and aquatic organism. Bioaccumulations by plankton represent a crucial process of Hg transfer from water to aquatic food chain. However, the current understanding of major factors affecting Hg accumulation by plankton is inadequate. In this study, a data set of 89 aquatic ecosystems worldwide, including inland water, nearshore water and open sea, was established. Key factors influencing plankton Hg bioaccumulation (i.e., plankton species, cell sizes and biomasses) were discussed. The results indicated that total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in plankton in inland waters were significantly higher than those in nearshore waters and open seas. Bioaccumulation factors for the logarithm of THg and MeHg of phytoplankton were 2.4–6.0 and 2.6–6.7 L/kg, respectively, in all aquatic ecosystems. They could be further biomagnified by a factor of 2.1–15.1 and 5.3–28.2 from phytoplankton to zooplankton. Higher MeHg concentrations were observed with the increases of cell size for both phyto- and zooplankton. A contrasting trend was observed between the plankton biomasses and BAF_MeHg, with a positive relationship for zooplankton and a negative relationship for phytoplankton. Plankton physiologic traits impose constraints on the rates of nutrients and contaminants obtaining process from water. Nowadays, many aquatic ecosystems are facing rapid shifts in nutrient compositions. We suggested that these potential influences on the growth and composition of plankton should be incorporated in future aquatic Hg modeling and ecological risk assessments.     

TiO2@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

• A novel and multi-functional clay-based oil spill remediation system was constructed. • TiO₂@PAL functions as a particulate dispersant to break oil slick into tiny droplets. • Effective dispersion leads to the direct contact of TiO₂ with oil pollutes directly. • TiO₂ loaded on PAL exhibits efficient photodegradation for oil pollutants. • TiO₂@PAL shows a typical dispersion-photocatalysis synergistic remediation. Removing spilled oil from the water surface is critically important given that oil spill accidents are a common occurrence. In this study, TiO₂@Palygorskite composite prepared by a simple coprecipitation method was used for oil spill remediation via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy. Diesel could be efficiently dispersed into small oil droplets by TiO₂@Palygorskite. These dispersed droplets had an average diameter of 20–30 mm and exhibited good time stability. The tight adsorption of TiO₂@Palygorskite on the surface of the droplets was observed in fluorescence and SEM images. As a particulate dispersant, the direct contact of TiO₂@Palygorskite with oil pollutants effectively enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of TiO₂ for oil. During the photodegradation process, •O₂⁻and •OH were detected by ESR and radical trapping experiments. The photodegradation efficiency of diesel by TiO₂@Palygorskite was enhanced by about 5 times compared with pure TiO₂ under simulated sunlight irradiation. The establishment of this new dispersion-photodegradation synergistic remediation system provides a new direction for the development of marine oil spill remediation.     

锰污染土壤根际微生物分离及耐Mn2+特性

为了研究锰污染土壤的生物修复,在湘潭锰矿不同植物根际土壤中分离得到7株真菌和8株细菌,依次命名为F1-7和B1-8。经耐锰性能测定,获得高耐锰性真菌3株,F3-5、细菌3株,B1、B2和B7。其中,F3耐锰浓度最高可达600mmol/L,细菌B7最高耐锰浓度为80 mmol/L。当Mn2+浓度小于300 mmol/L时,对3种真菌的生长均具有一定的促进作用,高于此浓度时,产生较大程度的抑制作用。在低Mn2+浓度(20~40 mmol/L)条件下,Mn2+对3种细菌的生长均表现出一定的促进作用,尤其是对B2作用明显。当Mn2+浓度逐渐增加到80 mmol/L时,抑制作用明显。在Mn2+浓度为300mmol/L时,F3对锰的吸附率约为60%,达到峰值。而在Mn2+浓度为60 mmol/L时,细菌B2对锰的吸附率约为70%,达最大值。     

高效降解微囊藻毒素食酸戴尔福特菌USTB-04的培养与活性研究

主要针对筛选的高效降解微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)的食酸戴尔福特菌USTB-04(Delftia acidovorans,DA菌)的培养方法进行了研究.结果表明,以葡萄糖、甘油和乙醇作为惟一碳源时,与氯化铵和尿素相比,酵母粉是支持DA菌生长的较好氮源.在以酵母粉作为惟一氮源时,与甘油和乙醇相比,葡萄糖是提高DA菌生长速度的较好碳源.进一步研究显示,以葡萄糖和酵母粉作为碳源和氮源时,可以支持DA菌的快速稳定生长,但在以甘油和酵母粉作为碳源和氮源时.培养出的DA菌降解MCs的比活性最高.此研究在培养高细胞浓度DA菌作为生物催化剂用于饮用水源中的MCs去除方面具有重要意义.     

生活小区供暖系统的问题及对策

针对神龙襄樊生活小区的供暖现状,结合襄樊基地供热管网的运行情况,就小区普遍存在的供暖个别单体不热、冷暖不均、管网失调、系统存气等问题,作了具体分析,并提出解决办法以供探讨.     

镁粉生产工艺防爆方法及存在的问题

镁粉生产工艺具有较大的火灾爆炸危险性.从预防爆炸发生和减缓爆炸后果两方面对我国镁粉生产工艺的防爆方法进行了比较和分析.从着火过程理论不完善、爆炸性数据不完整和防爆方法缺乏实验依据3个方面分析了镁粉防爆存在的问题,着重分析了镁粉惰化和部分惰化方法的不足,指出了进一步加强镁粉防爆基础研究的方向.