后扣板冷挤压工艺及模具

此文分析了产品成形的特点,模具承载的负荷特点,从而在成形工艺上、润滑上、模具结构及选材上采取了相应的措施.用H-4水基高分子润滑剂和3Cr2W8V制作冷挤压模都取得了明显效果.     

单缸摩托车发动机中低速性能优化

目的 解决某单缸摩托车发动机台架测试时中低速扭矩线性度差的问题.方法 基于CFD数值分析方法,运用热力学仿真分析软件GT-Power对发动机进行建模和标定,然后对原方案发动机进行摸底分析,最后通过优化配气机构和进排气系统来实现改善中低速性能的目标.结果 优化后的发动机台架测试结果中,发动机中低速扭矩线性度改善,动力性和经济性及排放都达到项目预期目标,峰值功率达到16 kW(9500 r/min),峰值扭矩达到18.6 N·m(7000 r/min),最低比油耗为183 g/(kW·h),CO、THC、NOx排放量分别为840、83、54 mg/km.配气机构运动学动力学性能与可靠性提升,进排气凸轮丰满系数分别达到5.14、5.15.结论 原方案中低速扭矩线性度差的原因为此转速段充气效率较低.优化凸轮型线、空滤器、消声器、排气管道参数能更好地利用进排气管道谐振效应来提升发动机中低速动力性能.     

利用pH值梯度研究建筑砂浆的酸蚀程度

在两种不同ｐＨ值模拟酸雨和３种浸泡时间条件下，据ｐＨ值梯度测定了各类保护剂处理建筑砂浆试件的酸化层厚度，从而判定保护剂的保护效果，了解酸蚀程度。并分析了影响酸化层厚度的因素。     

南京大气PM2.5中碳组分观测分析

为了解南京地区大气细颗粒物及化学成分在灰霾期间的污染水平及可能来源,于2007年6月至2008年5月,采集PM2.5样品,并测定了其中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的含量.并考察了有机碳和元素碳的季节变化特征,比较分析了南京地区灰霾与非灰霾期间含碳气溶胶的污染特征.结果显示,南京大气中PM2.5、OC和EC浓度变化范围分别是12.1~287.1,2.6~47.0和1.0~33.6mg/m3,其中夏季PM2.5(109.6mg/m3)和OC(20.8mg/m3)的值在四个季度中最高,呈现出夏季>秋季>冬季>春季的季节变化特征;EC则具有秋季>春季>冬季>夏季的季节变化特征. 霾日的OC、EC、总碳含量(TC)浓度及OC与EC比值分别是非霾日的2.0、1.8、1.9和1.7倍.后向轨迹分析表明,在有利的天气背景下,具有丰富水汽和污染物的混合气团最易使南京产生霾天气.     

罐采样与气相色谱/质谱结合在VOCs监测中的应用

气态挥发性有机物(VOCs)引起的污染严重威胁人们的健康,因而对其监测技术的研究也越来越多。其中罐采样与气相色谱/质谱联用的检测技术在VOCs气态污染物测定中的应用逐步受到关注。对罐采样技术进行了综述,重点介绍了罐采样与气相色谱/质谱联用技术在环境空气、室内空气、废气中VOCs检测的应用。     

浅析化工园区大气特征因子自动监测综合分析

从总体状况评价、浓度变化特征、疑似源探寻等角度初步分析了某化工园区大气特征因子自动监测数据。分析表明,合理选用不同水平的数据集可以突出大气特征因子的规律性,尤其是疑似源探寻;采用现场检查等手段与自动监测的相互校核十分必要,特别是便携式气相色谱质谱仪对特征因子自动监测系统“假阳性”识别。     

城市河道水质评价与研究

结合内梅罗指数法的原理,考虑金属毒性的积累效应,引入污染因子权重值,将权重值最大的评价指标纳入计算,采用改进的内梅罗指数法评价城市河道的水质污染状况。并对水质的划分标准临界值进行计算,以此作为评价水质污染状况的依据。研究结果表明,两种方法具有明显的差异,改进的内梅罗指数法对水质污染状况的评价结果较传统内梅罗指数法的辨识度更高,能够综合客观全面地体现城市河道水质状况,与真实情况较好的吻合,更为客观、合理。     

高效厌氧折流板反应器分区进水的启动实验

分区进水厌氧折流板反应器内设填料,以二沉池活性污泥接种挂膜培养厌氧酸化菌,反应器四个格室的进水比为4:3:2:1,以单侧进水ABR作比较。实验研究了在HRT=8h,有机负荷约为0.8kgCOD/m·3d,运行15d后,改变运行参数为HRT=4h,在条件相同的情况下,实验第23d后,分区进水ABR反应器的出水COD效果好于单侧进水。在运行60d时COD去除率平均保持在35%,可认为分区进水ABR的启动成功。     

Detection of Escherichia coli in wastewater based on enzyme immunoassay

This research describes a fast detection method on the basis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Escherichia coli in drainage of wastewater treatment plants. Optimized conditions such as the reaction format (sandwich or direct), the concentrations of diluted horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-E. coli conjugate, and anti-HPR antibody and pretreatment of E. coli were studied. Those results showed that the linear range of detection for E. coli was 10 cfu/mL-6 × 10⁴ cfu/mL. Compared with conventional methods, it is a convenient and sensitive detection method with low cost. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 128–131 [译自: 环境科学]     

Variations between rice cultivars in root secretion of organic acids and the relationship with plant cadmium uptake

To attempt to understand certain mechanisms causing the variations between rice cultivars with regard to Cd uptake and accumulation, pot soil experiments were conducted with two rice cultivars at different levels of Cd, i.e., 0 (the control), 10, 50 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil. The two rice cultivars differ significantly with regard to Cd uptake and accumulation. Root secretions of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOA) for each treatment were measured with ion chromatography. The results showed that LMWOA concentrations in the soil planted with Shan you 63 (a high soil Cd accumulator) were all higher than those in the soil planted with Wu yun jing 7 (low soil Cd accumulator) at different soil Cd levels, although the magnitudes of the differences varied for individual LMWOA and depend on soil Cd concentrations. For all six LMWOA, there were significant differences at P < 0.05 or < 0.01 levels for soils treated with 10 and 50 mg kg⁻¹ Cd. The magnitude of the differences was greater under soil Cd treatments, especially at relatively low levels (for example, 10 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil), than in the control. Acetic acid and formic acid constituted more than 96% of the total concentration of the six LMWOA, while citric acid constituted only about 0.1%. The rice cultivar with higher concentrations of LMWOA in soil accumulated more Cd in the plants. The results indicate that LMWOA secretion by rice root, especially in Cd-contaminated soils, is likely to be one of the mechanisms determining the plant Cd uptake properties of rice cultivars.