Degradation of rizazole in water–sediment systems

This study investigated the degradation of rizazole in water-sediment systems (West Lake system, WL; Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal system, BG) with two different types of sediments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The half-lives of rizazole in the WL water phase (14.59–15.13 d) were similar to those in the BG water phase (15.90–16.46 d). Within 3–7 d, the rizazole concentration in the sediments reached the maximum values, i.e., equilibrium. Rizazole dissipation was faster in the WL sediment phase with higher organic matter content (T_1/2 = 18.99–19.09 d) compared with the BG sediment phase (T_1/2 = 31.08–33.32 d). Rizazole degradation was slightly faster in the West Lake water-sediment system (WL system) (T_1/2 = 17.11–18.05 d) than in the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal water—sediment system (BG system) (T_1/2 = 20.51–25.02 d). The aerobic degradation of rizazole was similar to its anaerobic degradation in the water-sediment system. The findings are useful to understand the behavior of pesticide in environment.     

综合管廊燃气舱结构形式对燃气爆炸超压的影响

为研究地下综合管廊燃气舱结构形式对燃气爆炸超压的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,改变燃气舱高度,通风分区长度和局部开口大小,分析不同情况下的燃气爆炸超压变化规律.结果表明:冲击波传播速度随燃气舱高度的增加而减小,随着高度的增加,超压峰值曲线由"驼峰状"逐渐变为两端高中间低的"盆形",爆炸过程产生的最大超压与高度成反比关系.超...     

智能供氧系统在污水领域的应用研究

绍兴污水处理厂二期工程采用的是延时曝气工艺,生物氧化池是其核心工艺所在,在实际运行中,生物氧化池中溶解氧的数值波动大,较难实现稳定控制,通常采用滞后调整的控制方式,易造成能耗增加。为合理控制供气量,降低运行成本,利用欧洲的智能供氧技术,在经过小试的基础上,对二期其中一组生物氧化池进行中试,通过对几个月的试验数据进行对比分析,溶解氧控制较为平稳,供风量有所降低,从而实现了安全供氧和经济供氧,推动污水处理厂的精细化操作向纵深化发展。     

蚯蚓对城市污泥中铅的富集作用

根据蚯蚓能提高土壤自净能力并对重金属有富集作用的生物学特性,研究了在不同浓度梯度下重金属铅(Pb)对蚯蚓的急性毒性效应和蚯蚓对污泥中重金属Pb的富集效应.结果表明:在Pb浓度为3 000 mg/kg以下时,蚯蚓未出现明显的毒性效应,说明蚯蚓对重金属有一定的耐受性;当Pb浓度达到3 500mg/kg时,供试组蚯蚓全部死亡,说明蚯蚓对Pb的耐受性有一定的限度;蚯蚓对Pb 有较强的富集能力,其富集程度随污泥中Pb浓度的增加而增加,并呈现较好的线性关系.     

城市污染地区与高山清洁地区新粒子生成事件特征分析

在中国复合型污染的大气环境背景下,新粒子生成(New Particle Formation,NPF)是大气颗粒物的重要来源之一,直接影响到空气质量、云物理过程、全球辐射平衡及人类的生产生活.本文通过分析城市污染地区和高山清洁地区新粒子生成天和非新粒子生成天的特征差异,研究新粒子生成事件的关键影响因素.利用2016年3月12日—4月6日北京的观测资料和2012年9月23日—10月28日黄山的观测资料,分别代表城市污染地区和高山清洁地区进行研究,同时,结合同期气态前体物浓度和气象要素进行详尽的分析.结果表明,观测期间,北京发生新粒子生成事件的频率为42.3%,黄山发生新粒子生成事件的频率为25%,北京的新粒子生成速率J₃和J₁₀、增长速率GR_3～10和GR_10～25及凝结汇分别为3.30～51.39 cm^-3·s^-1和3.37～35.21 cm^-3·s^-1、0.10～2.89 nm·h^-1和1....     

基于SWMM与ArcGIS的城市内涝灾害风险评估研究 ——以南浦岛为例

城市内涝对城市基础设施造成极大损害且危及市民人身财产安全,需要通过科学评估手段对城市内涝进行风险评估,是防灾减灾工作中的重要一环.以SWMM模拟四种不同设计雨情下广州市南浦岛内的积水状况,利用ArcGIS进行数据分析、功能优化及专题图制作,分析致灾因子和受灾区域性质,结合相关规范建立风险评估体系,通过分析危险性和敏感性对南浦岛主排水管网设计工程的风险评估.利用插值分析得到与实际地形地貌相吻合的灾害风险等级分布图,为防灾减灾提供了决策依据.     

A novel approach for VOC source apportionment combining characteristic factor and pattern recognition technology in a Chinese industrial area

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emission control and source apportionment in small-scale industrial areas have become key topics of air pollution control in China. This study proposed a novel characteristic factor and pattern recognition (CF-PR) model for VOC source apportionment based on the similarity of characteristic factors between sources and receptors. A simulation was carried out in a typical industrial area with the CF-PR model involving simulated receptor samples. Refined and accurate source profiles were constructed through in situ sampling and analysis, covering rubber, chemicals, coating, electronics, plastics, printing, incubation and medical treatment industries. Characteristic factors of n-undecane, styrene, o-xylene and propane were identified. The source apportionment simulation results indicated that the predicted contribution rate was basically consistent with the real contribution rate. Compared to traditional receptor models, this method achieves notable advantages in terms of refinement and timeliness at similar accuracy, which is more suitable for VOC source identification and apportionment in small-scale industrial areas.     

红外探测巷道围岩地质构造的理论与应用

利用红外技术探测地质构造是预防巷道作业重大安全事故的有效途径。笔者根据红外辐射原理 ,分析了地质构造引起的岩石密度变化和巷道围岩辐射功率之间的相关性 ,提出了红外探测巷道地质构造的理论、方法及适用条件。应用结果表明 :红外探测技术不仅可简便、直观地分析和预测采掘巷道围岩地质的变化趋势 ,而且可用于巷道围岩瓦斯涌出异常地段的原因探测 ,指导安全防范措施的有效实施     

Characterization and control of odorous gases at a landfill site: a case study in Hangzhou, China

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major sources of offensive odors potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. At the end of May 2007, an odor pollution incident occurred at the Tianziling landfill site, Hangzhou, China, where the residents lodged complaints about the intense odor from the landfill, which drew a significant attention from the government. In this study, ambient air monitoring was conducted at the Tianziling landfill site. The main odor composition of the gas samples collected on June 1st 2007 and the reduction of various odorous gases from the samples collected on June 1st 2009 due to the applied odor control techniques were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, variations of primary odorous gaseous (NH₃ and H₂S) concentrations at different locations in the landfill site from July 2007 to June 2009 were also investigated by using classical spectrophotometric methods. Results showed that a total of 68 volatile compounds were identified among which H₂S (56.58-579.84 μg/m³) and NH₃ (520-4460 μg/m³) were the notable odor components contributing to 4.47-10.92% and 83.91-93.94% of total concentrations, respectively. Similar spatial and temporal shifts of H₂S and NH₃ concentrations were observed and were significantly affected by environmental factors including temperature, air pressure and wind direction. Odor pollution was worse when high temperature, high humidity, low air pressure, and southeast, northeast or east wind appeared. Moreover, the environmental sampling points of the dumping area and the leachate treatment plant were found to be the main odor sources at the Tianziling landfill site. The odor control technologies used in this project had a good mitigating effect on the primary odorous compounds. This study provides long-term valuable information concerning the characteristics and control of odors at landfill sites in a long run.