Environmental levels of Linear alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) in sediments from the Tagus estuary (Portugal): environmental implications

Sediments from the Tagus estuary (Portugal) were collected at 40 stations in July and December 2004. Total LAS concentrations ranged between 0.03 and 17.76 mg LAS.kg(-1) dry weight in July, and between 0.09 and 9.57 mg LAS.kg(-1) in December. Highest LAS concentrations were found at the upper northern part of the estuary, coincident with the localisation of an important waste water treatment station. According to the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) of 8.1 mg.kg(-1) derived for this compound, Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) identified a hazard for the ecosystem at the station with the highest LAS concentration, and similar results are obtained by Equilibrium Partitioning Method (EPM). Nevertheless, LAS concentrations decreased significantly between samplings in the stations with the highest LAS concentrations in July, whereas increased LAS concentrations at adjacent stations were found in December. In the remaining stations, LAS concentrations were up to three orders of magnitude lower, representing no hazard for the sediment community.     

Compositing climate change vulnerability of a Mediterranean region using spatiotemporally dynamic proxies for ecological and socioeconomic impacts and stabilities

The study presents a new methodology to quantify spatiotemporal dynamics of climate change vulnerability at a regional scale adopting a new conceptual model of vulnerability as a function of climate change impacts, ecological stability, and socioeconomic stability. Spatiotemporal trends of equally weighted proxy variables for the three vulnerability components were generated to develop a composite climate change vulnerability index (CCVI) for a Mediterranean region of Turkey combining Landsat time series data, digital elevation model (DEM)-derived data, ordinary kriging, and geographical information system. Climate change impact was based on spatiotemporal trends of August land surface temperature (LST) between 1987 and 2016. Ecological stability was based on DEM, slope, aspect, and spatiotemporal trends of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), while socioeconomic stability was quantified as a function of spatiotemporal trends of land cover, population density, per capita gross domestic product, and illiteracy. The zones ranked on the five classes of no-to-extreme vulnerability were identified where highly and moderately vulnerable lands covered 0.02% (12 km²) and 11.8% (6374 km²) of the study region, respectively, mostly occurring in the interior central part. The adoption of this composite CCVI approach is expected to lead to spatiotemporally dynamic policy recommendations towards sustainability and tailor preventive and mitigative measures to locally specific characteristics of coupled ecological–socioeconomic systems.     

挥发性有机物控制技术评价指标体系初探

阐述了挥发性有机物(VOCs)控制技术的评价原则、评价步骤和影响 VOCs 控制技术评价的因素,从技术、经济、社会和其他方面初步构建了 VOCs 控制技术的评价指标体系.进一步介绍了评价指标的量化方法.VOCs控制技术评价指标体系的建立,为科学、全面、客观地评价和筛选 VOCs 控制技术奠定坚实的基础.     

羟肟酸类捕收剂2-羟基-3-萘甲羟肟酸的生物降解研究

生物法是处理难降解有机物的一种重要方法,通过投加活性污泥,采用振荡培养法,研究了以2-羟基-3-萘甲羟肟酸(H205)为唯一碳源的单基质条件、外加碳源和氮源的共基质条件下H205的生物降解过程.结果表明:(1)单基质条件下,不同初始质量浓度(10～50 mg/L)H205的生物降解符合一级动力学模型方程.(2)共基质条...     

内电解技术处理有毒有害工业废水的应用进展

介绍了内电解技术的基本原理和特点,详细阐述了内电解技术处理印染、制药等多种有毒有害工业废水的应用进展,总结了内电解技术目前存在的主要问题和在工艺优化、新型材料和反应器形式开发三个方面的改进措施,展望了内电解技术未来的发展趋势和研究方向。     

对用近因原则处理工伤认定的思考

近因原则是商业保险中用于区分保险责任和非保险责任的一个被普遍认可的工作原则,工伤认定是确认是否进行工伤保险金给付的前提。针对目前中国工伤认定相关法律不健全的现状,笔者首次提出在工伤认定有关规定的列举法空白处,使用近因原则的建议。有益于完善工伤认定工作。通过分析我国工伤认定有关规定的历史沿革与现行做法,指出现行工伤认定规定不合理之处,如列举未尽的弹性处理不利于员工、严苛的免责条款不利于雇主、雇员野蛮操作零成本降低社会福利,应用近因原则处理过劳死、未经归类的职业病两个案例,弥补现行工伤认定立法缺陷,实践证明,工伤认定中使用近因原则是可行的、合理的、实用的。     

温度对生物过滤塔填料层含水率和运行性能的影响研究

实验以模拟甲苯废气为研究对象,系统分析了温度对生物过滤塔填料层含水率、甲苯去除能力、抗冲击负荷能力和再启动特性的影响.结果表明,生物过滤塔在温度20~30℃下,填料层含水率随温度变化不大(维持在45%),较高的进气温度(40~62℃)对填料层含水率影响显著,当气流温度从40℃升高至62℃时,填料层含水率从47%下降至19%.生物过滤塔处理每立方米体积废气需水量与气流温度间存在幂函数关系.温度过高会降低生物过滤塔的抗冲击负荷能力,并增加生物过滤塔的启动时间.温度在不同范围内对生物过滤塔甲苯去除性能的影响存在差异.在20~30℃下,生物过滤塔的甲苯去除速率常数的对数与温度的倒数呈线性关系,符合Arrhenius公式.而在40~62℃时,生物过滤塔的甲苯去除速率随温度的升高而呈现出先上升而下降的趋势,符合Ratkowsky模型.     

Factors affecting urban electricity consumption: a case study in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area using an integrated approach of earth observation data and data analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urbanization induces shifts in surface environmental factors, including impervious surface expansion, green space loss, and temperature increase in...     

氯/氯胺和紫外顺序消毒对管网抗性基因的去除

为探究供水系统中氯/氯胺与低压紫外顺序消毒对抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)分布特征的影响,采用生物膜反应器模拟供水管网,对管网出水和生物膜进行60mJ/cm²低压紫外线(254nm)消毒,并利用高通量定量PCR技术检测模拟管网进、出水及生物膜内的典型ARGs和遗传原件(MGEs).结果表明,管网反应器运行150d,氯和氯胺管网出水ARGs总相对丰度分别为0.13和0.137,生物膜ARGs分别为2.45和0.277,表明供水管网中低剂量的氯或氯胺可有效降低水相和生物膜相中ARGs的相对丰度达90%,且氯胺消毒对生物膜中的ARGs控制作用更显著.氯和氯胺消毒后管网出水再经低压紫外线照射后,ARGs相对丰度分别为0.0682和0.0537,管网生物膜中ARGs的相对丰度分别为2.01和0.194.ARGs与MGEs间的相关性发生显著变化,转座子与strB和mepA的相关性增强,与ermX和tetM相关性减弱,而整合子与acrF、cmlA1-01、oprJ及tolC-01的相关性增强.研究表明,将紫外线消毒工艺设置在用水终端可以显著降低氯和氯胺管网水中ARGs丰度,但对管网生物膜中的ARGs影响较小.