岩质边坡随机楔体稳定性分析的Monte-Carlo模拟

结构面组合形成的楔体滑动是岩质边坡的一个主要失稳模式.本文依据统计学理论和概率理论,将Monte-Carlo模拟引入到岩质边坡随机楔体的稳定性分析中,通过设定随机过程,计算参数估计量和统计量,研究了节理的随机分布特征,同时建立了随机楔体模型,采用极限平衡理论计算了楔体的破坏概率,并针对实际工程中经常遇到的小楔体失稳概率...     

高效智能煤水回收利用成套设备小试

为了解决矿井水煤水煤渣预处理的难题,研制了高效智能煤水回收利用成套设备,并对其进行了实验室小试。试验表明,在采用0.4 mm的筛网,转速为28 r/min,进水流量为1 m3/h时,该设备对矿井水的悬浮物去除效果最好。此时的浊度去除率最高,达到了82%。本设备可以节约大量的水资源和煤炭资源,产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益,有很好的推广前景。     

恩施自治州气候资源分析及旅游适宜性区划

利用恩施自治州9个国家气象观测站点历年常规气象资料,采用常规统计分析方法,对恩施州旅游气候资源特点进行了分析。采用人体舒适度指数的方法,计算了各站、各主要旅游景点逐日、月舒适度指数,并以此为依据对恩施州旅游气候资源进行了评价和旅游适宜性区划。结果表明:恩施州可划分为低山、中山、高山、迎风坡山地及沿江河谷5类自然气候区,旅游气候资源具有适宜旅游的天气多、特殊气候条件下自然景观独具特色、垂直地域差异下局地小气候明显、特殊地貌环境下旅游气象灾害发生几率差异大等特点。根据适游月份,恩施州旅游气候区域可划分为春秋舒适型、夏季避暑型、冬季避寒型3型,根据各地最佳旅游时段出现时间及长度,每型又可分为二个亚型。不同类型气候区域最佳旅游时段差异较大,大部地区春秋温暖舒适,是旅游的黄金季节。夏季各地都适宜开展旅游,但不同气候区域,适宜旅游时段长度有所不同,且夏季是灾害天气多发时段,需要避防不利天气危害,有选择的开展旅游活动;冬季是旅游淡季,仅在低山及沿江河谷带等低海拔地区相对适宜。综合上述分析,恩施州旅游气候资源具有旅游期长、适宜旅游区广的特点,是开展生态游较佳的旅游目的地。     

高压互感器液体硅橡胶绝缘护套修复工艺及性能研究

互感器是一种重要的变电站设备,针对目前在一些变电站中出现互感器的硅橡胶绝缘护套表层出现粉化现象,而又无法进行整体更换的情况,本文试图以现有的RTV防污闪涂料作为修复涂层来对互感器伞套进行补强,认为在RTV涂料的性能互感器运行要求的前提下,RTV涂料与互感器硅橡胶伞套的粘接性能应当是最重要的性能。基于这一想法,本文对RTV涂料与互感器伞套的粘接性能进行了研究,认为在采取正确施工工艺的前提下,RTV防污闪涂料能够用于对互感器伞套的修复。     

外绝缘用液体硅橡胶老化现象的微观表征

本文针对近年来出现在一些变电站SF6电压、电流互感器的液体硅橡胶绝缘护套出现龟裂老化这一现象,对发生老化的硅橡胶材料进行了性能测试和试验,并利用红外光谱分析、XPS分析、热失重等手段分析了其微观结构和物质组成的变化。研究发现老化后的液体硅橡胶中Si-C、Si-O官能团和Si、C、O元素的相对含量发生了变化,且随着老化程度的增加呈现出较为明显的规律,老化越严重,Si-C键含量越少,C元素的含量越少,O元素含量越多。本文认为,用官能团含量、元素相对含量可以准确地表征液体硅橡胶材料的老化程度。通过对不同老化程度的液体硅橡胶进行的憎水性、耐漏电起痕性能的试验也证实了本文的观点。     

Exploring price effects on the residential water conservation technology diffusion process: a case study of Tianjin city

Reforms of the water pricing management system and the establishment of a flexible water pricing system are significant for cities in northern China to tackle their critical water issues. The WATAP (Water conservation Technology Adoption Processes) model is developed in order to capture the water conservation technology adoption process under different price scenarios with disaggregate water demands down to the end use level. This model is explicitly characterized by the technological selection process under maximum marginal benefit assumption by different categories of households. In particular, when households need to purchase water devices in the provision market with the consideration of complex factors such as the life span, investment and operating costs of the device, as well as the regulated water price by the government. Applied to Tianjin city, four scenarios of water price evolutions for a long-term perspective (from year 2011 to 2030) are considered, including BAU (Business As Usual), SP1 (Scenario of Price increase with constant annual rate), SP2 (Scenario of Price increase every four years) and SP3 (Scenario of Price increase with affordable constraint), considering many factors such as historic trends, affordability and incentives for conservation. Results show that on aggregate 2.3%, 11.0% and 18.2% of fresh water can be saved in the residential sector in scenario SP1, SP2 and SP3, respectively, compared with the BAU scenario in the year 2030. The water price signals can change the market shares of different water appliances, as well as the water end use structure of households, and ultimately improve water use efficiency. TheWATAP model may potentially be a helpful tool to provide insights for policy makers on water conservation technology policy analysis and assessment.     

DEHP和MEHP对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成基因表达的影响

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)及其代谢产物邻苯二甲酸单-2-乙基己酯(mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,MEHP)对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成关键基因表达的影响,本实验将H295R细胞分别暴露于DEHP(0、1、10、100、1 000μmol·L-1)和MEHP(0、1、10、100、1 000μmol·L-1)24 h,用MTT法检测细胞活性,并应用荧光定量PCR法分析细胞类固醇激素合成过程中关键酶的基因表达水平。结果显示,1 000μmol·L-1DEHP和MEHP对H295R细胞染毒24 h显著降低H295R细胞活力,所以本研究采用了较低的染毒浓度(0、1、10和100μmol·L-1)对H295R细胞染毒24 h来评估DEHP和MEHP对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成通路的影响。1、10和100μmol·L-1DEHP显著增加醛固酮合成酶CYP11B2的基因表达水平。10μmol·L-1DEHP显著上调了3-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD2)的基因表达水平。1、10和100μmol·L-1MEHP显著下调了3-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD1和3β-HSD2)、17β羟基类固醇脱氢酶17β-HSD4、17α羟化酶/17,20裂解酶CYP17和芳香酶CYP19a的基因表达水平。10和100μmol·L-1MEHP染毒H295R 24 h显著下调了CYP21和STAR的基因表达水平,然而,10和100μmol·L-1MEHP显著上调了CYP11B2的基因表达水平。100μmol·L-1MEHP显著下调了17β-HSD1的基因表达水平。上述研究结果表明,DEHP、MEHP都可不同程度影响H295R细胞类固醇激素合成过程中关键基因的表达。MEHP可以通过抑制STAR基因的表达,从而将影响胆固醇在细胞内的转运;并能显著性抑制类固醇激素合成过程中CYP17、CYP19a、3β-HSD1、3β-HSD2、17β-HSD1、17β-HSD4、CYP21基因的表达,最终将抑制H295R细胞中类固醇激素的合成。与DEHP相比,MEHP对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成关键基因表达的影响较明显。     

秸秆还田条件下氮肥用量对稻田氮素淋失的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了秸秆还田条件下不同氮肥用量对稻田田面水、渗漏水中氮素动态变化和淋失量的影响.结果表明,稻季秸秆还田量为6t/hm2,氮肥用量分别为0,120,180,240,300kg/hm2时,稻季田面水、渗漏水中无机氮(NH4+-N与NO3--N)浓度随氮肥用量的增加而显著增加,秸秆还田显著降低田面水和渗漏水中NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度;田面水中NH4+-N浓度在每次施肥后的第2d、NO3--N在第2~4d达到峰值,渗漏水中NH4+-N在每次施肥后的第2~4d, NO3--N在施基肥后的第20d左右达到峰值;不同处理田面水中NH4+-N、NO3--N的平均浓度及变幅分别为1.23±0.88(0.01~9.89)、1.14±0.18(0.14~2.86)mg/L,渗漏水中分别为1.78±1.60(0.03~22.66)、1.42±0.24(0.22~2.66)mg/L.稻田渗漏量与水稻移栽后天数呈极显著负相关,整个水稻生育期内的总渗漏量为298mm.不同施氮处理稻季NH4+-N、NO3--N的平均净淋失量分别为4.77±4.37 (0.45~12.33)、1.76±1.08(0.49~3.31)kg/hm2,占施氮量的2.57%~4.11%、0.41%~0.56%,氮素损失以NH4+-N为主.     

Internal cohesion and geometric shape of spatial clusters

The geographic delineation of irregularly shaped spatial clusters is an ill defined problem. Whenever the spatial scan statistic is used, some kind of penalty correction needs to be used to avoid clusters’ excessive irregularity and consequent reduction of power of detection. Geometric compactness and non-connectivity regularity functions have been recently proposed as corrections. We present a novel internal cohesion regularity function based on the graph topology to penalize the presence of weak links in candidate clusters. Weak links are defined as relatively unpopulated regions within a cluster, such that their removal disconnects it. By applying this weak link cohesion function, the most geographically meaningful clusters are sifted through the immense set of possible irregularly shaped candidate cluster solutions. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MGA) has been proposed recently to compute the Pareto-sets of clusters solutions, employing Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic and the geometric correction as objective functions. We propose novel MGAs to maximize the spatial scan, the cohesion function and the geometric function, or combinations of these functions. Numerical tests show that our proposed MGAs has high power to detect elongated clusters, and present good sensitivity and positive predictive value. The statistical significance of the clusters in the Pareto-set are estimated through Monte Carlo simulations. Our method distinguishes clearly those geographically inadequate clusters which are worse from both geometric and internal cohesion viewpoints. Besides, a certain degree of irregularity of shape is allowed provided that it does not impact internal cohesion. Our method has better power of detection for clusters satisfying those requirements. We propose a more robust definition of spatial cluster using these concepts.     

龙凤山大气气溶胶散射特性观测分析

利用2018年龙凤山区域大气本底站(简称龙凤山站)气溶胶散射系数、PM10质量浓度及常规气象观测资料,研究了东北本底地区气溶胶散射系数的变化特征.结果表明,2018年龙凤山站3个波长下气溶胶散射系数的均值为(194.1±202.4)Mm-1(450nm)、(133.4±139.2)Mm-1(550 nm)、(81.8±...