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491.
Yabusaki SB Fang Y Williams KH Murray CJ Ward AL Dayvault RD Waichler SR Newcomer DR Spane FA Long PE 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2011,126(3-4):271-290
Three-dimensional, coupled variably saturated flow and biogeochemical reactive transport modeling of a 2008 in situ uranium bioremediation field experiment is used to better understand the interplay of transport and biogeochemical reactions controlling uranium behavior under pulsed acetate amendment, seasonal water table variation, spatially variable physical (hydraulic conductivity, porosity) and geochemical (reactive surface area) material properties. While the simulation of the 2008 Big Rusty acetate biostimulation field experiment in Rifle, Colorado was generally consistent with behaviors identified in previous field experiments at the Rifle IFRC site, the additional process and property detail provided several new insights. A principal conclusion from this work is that uranium bioreduction is most effective when acetate, in excess of the sulfate-reducing bacteria demand, is available to the metal-reducing bacteria. The inclusion of an initially small population of slow growing sulfate-reducing bacteria identified in proteomic analyses led to an additional source of Fe(II) from the dissolution of Fe(III) minerals promoted by biogenic sulfide. The falling water table during the experiment significantly reduced the saturated thickness of the aquifer and resulted in reactants and products, as well as unmitigated uranium, in the newly unsaturated vadose zone. High permeability sandy gravel structures resulted in locally high flow rates in the vicinity of injection wells that increased acetate dilution. In downgradient locations, these structures created preferential flow paths for acetate delivery that enhanced local zones of TEAP reactivity and subsidiary reactions. Conversely, smaller transport rates associated with the lower permeability lithofacies (e.g., fine) and vadose zone were shown to limit acetate access and reaction. Once accessed by acetate, however, these same zones limited subsequent acetate dilution and provided longer residence times that resulted in higher concentrations of TEAP reaction products when terminal electron donors and acceptors were not limiting. Finally, facies-based porosity and reactive surface area variations were shown to affect aqueous uranium concentration distributions with localized effects of the fine lithofacies having the largest impact on U(VI) surface complexation. The ability to model the comprehensive biogeochemical reaction network, and spatially and temporally variable processes, properties, and conditions controlling uranium behavior during engineered bioremediation in the naturally complex Rifle IFRC subsurface system required a subsurface simulator that could use the large memory and computational performance of a massively parallel computer. In this case, the eSTOMP simulator, operating on 128 processor cores for 12h, was used to simulate the 110-day field experiment and 50 days of post-biostimulation behavior. 相似文献
492.
Wu R Ma G Long Y Yu J Li S Jiang H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(5):800-810
Purpose
The performance of nature reserves depends on the degree to which they represent a region's full biodiversity. Here, we conducted a study on Hainan Island, China, to assess how well Hainan's biodiversity features were captured by existing nature reserves. We also explored the driving forces behind the current protection pattern so as to provide guidelines for improving the island's conservation system. 相似文献493.
在两点进水的条件下采用A2/O工艺处理化工园区废水厌氧水解出水,分析配水比对A2/O工艺处理效果的影响,以及在最优配水条件下,各类A2/O工艺处理废水的实际效果。结果表明,在厌氧段-缺氧段的配水比为30%~70%时,A2/O工艺的处理效果最好。在两点进水条件下的各类A2/O工艺中,倒置A2/O和改良A2/O比常规A2/O工艺具有更好的废水处理效果。 相似文献
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以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,硫脲为掺硫前驱物,采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)/正己醇/环己烷/氨水的微乳液体系合成了掺硫的纳米TiO2粉体;对其结构进行了表征,以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了其光催化性能.烧结温度通过影响TiO2的晶型转变和颗粒尺寸来影响其光催化性能,随着烧结温度的升高,TiO2的光催化性能先是... 相似文献
497.
CTMAB-改性矿化垃圾吸附苯酚性能的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文中研究采用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对矿化垃圾进行改性,利用CTMAB-改性矿化垃圾对苯酚溶液进行吸附,在单因素法条件下得到其对苯酚最佳吸附条件为:(1)改性矿化垃圾吸附平衡时间为15 min;(2)改性矿化垃圾吸附性能均随着pH值升高而降低;(3)40℃以下温度对改性矿化垃圾吸附效果影响不大。本研究还进行了等温吸附方程拟合,并对矿化垃圾和CTMAB-改性矿化垃圾对苯酚的吸附条件和吸附性能进行了比较,结果表明,矿化垃圾和改性矿化垃圾对苯酚的吸附采用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程拟合度较好,而Temkin方程拟合度较差,改性矿化垃圾吸附性能优于未改性矿化垃圾。 相似文献
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The purpose of this article is to describe the application and progress of the Reduce-Reuse-Recycle (3R) initiative and its
gradual implementation and development in solid waste management in Vietnam through the study of the municipal solid waste
management (MSWM) systems of eight major urban cities and provinces. The resulting survey and studies showed that there are
big challenges for MSWM in the study areas due to the absence of an appropriate master plan for MSWM; there is a clear need
to set up indicators for waste reduction and greenhouse gas emission reduction from waste generators and enterprises involved
in MSWM, especially in terms of using 3R activities in the management of industrial waste. The strength and organic combination
of institutional frameworks, support measures, and technologies for 3R promotion need to be applied as soon as possible in
order to implement MSWM practices using more effective measures; in particular, a reduction in the amount of hazardous substances
discarded and improvements in the handling of hazardous waste are required. 相似文献
500.