Spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen pollution in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China

Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH??-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH??-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH? ?-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn)?≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5)?≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH??-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的氨氮研究

垃圾填埋场渗滤液成分复杂,其氨氮的测定干扰物质多,测定难度大.气相分子吸收光谱法是一种较为新兴的方法,通过对气相分子吸收光谱法和传统纳氏试剂分光光度法系统的比较,研究气相分子吸收光谱法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氨氮的分析方法.结果表明,气相分子吸收光谱法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氨氮操作便捷、干扰小、精密度好,中浓度与高浓度废水测定结果能较好的与纳氏试剂光度法测定结果法吻合,超低浓度废水的测定结果低于纳氏试剂分光光度法.为监测工作者分析方法的选择提供依据.     

Pt-Cu/TiO2{001}纳米片用于CO2加氢制甲醇反应的研究

以高暴露{001}晶面的TiO₂纳米片为载体,利用共还原法负载0.5%的Pt和一定量的Cu得到Pt-Cu/TiO₂{001}催化剂,并在P=3.0 MPa,T=200~300℃,V（N₂）：V（H₂）：V（CO₂）=8：69：23,空速（WHSV）=3600 mL·g^-1·h^-1反应条件下评价了催化剂催化CO₂加氢制甲醇的反应性能.XRD、XPS、EPR和CO₂-TPD等的表征表明,与催化剂Cu/TiO₂相比,引入Pt后,催化剂由于金属Pt的电子促进作用使负载的金属与载体之间的相互作用更强,进而有利于稳定Cu颗粒尺寸且载体形成了更多缺陷（如氧空位、Ti³⁺）.因此,Pt-Cu/TiO₂{001}催化剂的金属与载体界面上的活性位点更多,从而表现出更好的CO₂活化能力和甲醇生成性能.     

有机物组成对混凝-纳滤组合工艺的影响

混凝过程中有机物之间相互作用,对混凝过程形成的絮体性质及后续纳滤膜过滤过程中形成的滤饼层致密性产生影响。针对天然有机物中亲水性和疏水性有机物,采用单一和联合投加的方式,利用激光粒度仪对不同有机物配比条件下形成的絮体尺寸进行测定,研究表明不同组分的有机物对膜污染的影响不同,亲水性组分被认为是亲水性膜材料的主要污染物。     

北京市污水处理厂出水中药物和个人护理品的季节变化及其生态风险评价

由于污水处理厂出水中含有微量有机污染物,这些污染物能够通过污水处理厂出水进入到水环境中,对生态系统和人体健康存在潜在的威胁.为探明污水处理厂出水中药物和个人护理品（Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products,PPCPs）在不同季节中的浓度分布及生态风险情况,本研究于2019年的春季、夏季和秋季分别对北京市5座污水处理厂出水中PPCPs的赋存情况和浓度变化进行了调查分析,并对其进行了生态风险评价.结果表明：5座污水处理厂出水中PPCPs检出率为100%的化合物包括磺胺甲恶唑、克拉霉素、卡马西平、避蚊胺、美托洛尔、咖啡因、氧氟沙星和双氯芬酸;PPCPs在不同季节中表现出一定的浓度分布差异,其中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、克拉霉素、吉非罗齐、苯扎贝特、氯贝酸、美托洛尔、普萘洛尔、卡马西平、甲氧苄啶、避蚊胺在春季出水中的浓度明显高于其在夏季和秋季出水中浓度,而双氯芬酸、甲芬那酸、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星和咖啡因则在夏季出水中浓度要略高于其在春季和秋季出水中的浓度;通过对PPCPs的生态风险评价发现,避蚊胺在一个春季样品中为中风险污染物,在其他样品中均为低风险污染物,磺胺甲恶唑和美托洛尔的最大RQ值分别为0.09和0.08,接近中风险,其他PPCPs均为低风险污染物.     

低成本含磷材料修复环境重金属污染的研究进展

低成本含磷材料包括磷灰石、骨粉、无机磷肥及无机磷酸盐，其对环境重金属污染的修复值得引起生态学、环境学更广泛的重视。详细介绍了：（1）各类低成本含磷材料结构性质；（2）含磷材料在修复土壤、沉积物、水体重金属污染方面的应用；（3）含磷材料修复环境重金属污染的机理及影响因素；（4）含磷材料修复环境重金属污染的效果评价等方面的研究进展及发展前景。     

海岸带生态系统及其主要研究内容

海岸带处于地球表层岩石圈、水圈、大气圈与生物圈相互交接地带,是各种物理、化学、生物、物质与能量的交换与转换过程最活跃的场所,是人类活动的重要基地.文章提出海岸带生态系统概念,指出海岸带是一个自然社会经济综合体,从生态学的观点、方法对其进行研究,有助于合理规划海岸带开发利用,实现海岸带可持续发展.文章对海岸带生态系统的特征和主要研究内容进行了讨论.     

Offshore marine cheilostome Bryozoa from Fort Lauderdale,Florida

Cheilostome Bryozoa were collected upon marine fouling test panels exposed offshore from Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA between 1961 and 1967. Panels were exposed at certain depths, ranging from the surface to the bottom, in several arrays extending to a distance of 4 miles offshore. Twenty-three species were identified from the 114 panels recovered and examined. Most species were found on panels in shallow water, or on panels near the bottom in deeper, offshore water. A notable exception was a large, arborescent colony of Biflustra savartii which engulfed a panel 50 feet (15 m) deep, 4 miles from shore, in the Florida current. The lack of cheilostome Bryozoa on shallow and mid-water panels at the offshore, deepwater stations was apparently due to the low number of larvae reaching them from the distant inshore colonies.     

环境水力学研究的高效率座标测量方法

本文根据系统思想,提出了一种新的用于环境水力学研究的高效率座标测量方法。经现场试验证明,该法与传统方法相比可提高工作效率数倍。     

高速公路路域植被恢复设计与施工技术初探

在高速公路建设之后 ,对其破坏的植被尽快进行恢复是一项重要内容 ,多年来由于指导思想不同 ,实施效果与预想相差很大。本文力求从生态学的角度出发 ,从设计、施工和养护几个植被恢复重要环节进行分析 ,寻求适宜的高速公路生态恢复技术