铀、钍在尾矿-定居植物体系中的迁移

通过BCR(community bureau of reference)提取和富集系数、转移系数计算,对铀、钍在铀尾矿-植物体系中的迁移进行了研究。尾矿中U、Th的总量达205 mg/kg、141mg/kg,但其生物有效性较低,其酸溶态和可还原态的U仅占10.5%和10.8%、Th仅占0.9%和2.8%,而残渣态U占67.7%、Th占92.1%。库区三种优势植物的各部位U、Th含量高出背景区对照值的10倍以上,明显超过了《食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准》中植物类食品的限制浓度。由于植物生长介质中仅生物有效部分的重金属能为植物所积累,因而本文提出应以富集系数BF*(等于植物中重金属含量/其生长介质中相应重金属的生物有效态含量的比值)来衡量植物对重金属的富集程度。尾矿的风化程度较弱及其U、Th生物有效性较低,植物各位U、Th的BF*均较小,三种植物对U、Th的富集程度均较低,但对钍的富集能力明显强于铀。可能受菌根对重金属的强积累能力的影响,U、Th主要富集于植物的根部,向地上部分茎、叶的转移量相对较低。目前,库区尾矿中U、Th在植物中的富集虽然不是很强,但随植物定居时间的增加,尾矿中放射性核素的生物有效性及向库区植物中迁移的能力呈增强的趋势,环境风险将逐渐增高,应引起环境管理部门的足够关注。     

不同屋面类型径流污染特征研究

了解不同屋面类型对径流污染特征的影响,对控制城市非点源污染具有重要意义.选取不同材质、不同形状和老化程度的典型屋面,采用事件平均浓度（EMC）和M（V）曲线判识方法,对不同屋面类型降雨径流污染浓度、污染负荷和初期冲刷效应进行分析.结果表明,油毡屋面径流污染物平均浓度大于彩钢屋面;老化材料径流污染物平均浓度大于未老化屋面,未老化油毡屋面降雨冲刷效应更为明显;尖形顶屋面相比弓形顶屋面初期冲刷效应更为明显.     

基于规模经济效应的农村污水处理设施运行模式研究

难以实现规模经济效应是制约农村污水处理设施运营的关键因素之一。通过对北京市农村污水处理设施运行情况的调研,分析了影响农村污水处理设施运行的主要因素,并在探讨运行成本构成的基础上,提出了提高规模经济效应的主要途径。     

我国主要省市跨行政区界断面水质补偿探讨

跨行政区界断面补偿机制建立在水质考核的基础上,通过补偿,促使行政单位采取有效措施确保河流跨界断面水质达到控制目标。本文总结了国内主要省市跨行政区界断面补偿办法内容,包括补偿目的、补偿因子、补偿标准、扣缴措施等。跨行政区界断面补偿办法的实施提高了各行政单元政府控制水污染的积极性,对水质保护、落实行政区属地责任起到显著的作用。     

Flux characteristics of total dissolved iron and its species during extreme rainfall event in the midstream of the Heilongjiang River

The occurrence of extreme rainfall events and associated flooding has been enhanced due to climate changes, and is thought to influence the flux of total dissolved iron(TDI) in rivers considerably. Since TDI is a controlling factor in primary productivity in marine ecosystems, alteration of riverine TDI input to the ocean may lead to climate change via its effect on biological productivity. During an extreme rainfall event that arose in northeastern China in 2013, water samples were collected in the midstream of the Heilongjiang River to analyze the concentration and species of TDI as well as other basic parameters. The speciation of TDI was surveyed by filtration and ultrafiltration methods.Compared with data monitored from 2007 to 2012, the concentration of TDI increased significantly during this event, with an average concentration of 1.11 mg/L, and the estimated TDI flux reached 1.2 × 105 tons, equaling the average annual TDI flux level.Species analysis revealed that low-molecular-weight complexed iron was the dominant species, and the impulse of TDI flux could probably be attributed to the hydrological connection to riparian wetlands and iron-rich terrestrial runoff. Moreover, dissolved organic matter played a key role in the flux, species and bioavailability of TDI. In addition,there is a possibility that the rising TDI flux could further influence the transport and cycling of nutrients and related ecological processes in the river, estuary coupled with the coastal ecosystems, which merits closer attention in the future.     

The impact of domestic energy efficiency retrofit schemes on householder attitudes and behaviours

Retrofitting existing housing stock to improve energy efficiency is often required to meet climate mitigation, public health and fuel poverty targets. Increasing uptake and effectiveness of retrofit schemes requires understanding of their impacts on householder attitudes and behaviours. This paper reports results of a survey of 500 Kirklees householders in the UK, where the Kirklees Warm Zone scheme took place. This was a local government led city scale domestic retrofit programme that installed energy efficiency measures at no charge in over 50,000 houses. The results highlight key design features of the scheme, socio-economic and attitudinal factors that affected take-up of energy efficiency measures and impacts on behaviour and energy use after adoption. The results emphasise the role that positive feedback plays in reinforcing pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours of participants and in addressing concerns of non-participants. Our findings have implications for the design and operation of future domestic energy efficiency retrofit schemes.     

Application of different foliar iron fertilizers for enhancing the growth and antioxidant capacity of rice and minimizing cadmium accumulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Iron (Fe) fertilizer can reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake and toxicity in rice, but the underlying mechanisms of Cd mitigation by different fertilizers are...     

An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 2: impacts on organisms and ecosystems

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - New information on the lethal and sublethal effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on organisms is presented in this review, complementing the...     

Impact of rhizosphere microorganisms on arsenic (As) transformation and accumulation in a traditional Chinese medical plant

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Panax notoginseng is an important traditional medicinal plant, but the commercial value is threatened by root-rot disease caused by rhizosphere...     

Sediment pollution characteristics and in situ control in a deep drinking water reservoir

Sediment pollution characteristics, in situ sediment release potential, and in situ inhibition of sediment release were investigated in a drinking water reservoir. Results showed that organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in sediments increased from the reservoir mouth to the main reservoir. Fraction analysis indicated that nitrogen in ion exchangeable form and NaOH-extractable P (Fe/Al-P) accounted for 43% and 26% of TN and TP in sediments of the main reservoir. The Risk Assessment Code for metal elements showed that Fe and Mn posed high to very high risk. The results of the in situ reactor experiment in the main reservoir showed the same trends as those observed in the natural state of the reservoir in 2011 and 2012; the maximum concentrations of total OC, TN, TP, Fe, and Mn reached 4.42 mg/L, 3.33 mg/L, 0.22 mg/L, 2.56 mg/L, and 0.61 mg/L, respectively. An in situ sediment release inhibition technology, the water-lifting aerator, was utilized in the reservoir. The results of operating the water-lifting aerator indicated that sediment release was successfully inhibited and that OC, TN, TP, Fe, and Mn in surface sediment could be reduced by 13.25%, 15.23%, 14.10%, 5.32%, and 3.94%, respectively.