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Carola Braun Katrin Rehdanz Ulrich Schmidt 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(1):143-160
This paper analyses how new information shapes public perception of a controversially discussed technology over time. The test case analysed in this paper is solar radiation management (SRM), a potentially risky, environmental engineering technology, which aims to fight climate change by the injection of sulphate aerosols into the stratosphere. Using panel survey data, we show that most respondents initially show strong negative emotions towards SRM and reject the technology. However, public perception is not stable over time as emotions cool off and acceptance increases. The increase in acceptance is greater, the longer the cooling-off period between two surveys. Furthermore, we show that the cooling-off effect is more pronounced for more impulsive respondents. 相似文献
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Rocío Moreno Lluís Jover Ignacio Munilla Alberto Velando Carola Sanpera 《Marine Biology》2010,157(3):545-553
The widespread omnivory of consumers and the trophic complexity of marine ecosystems make it difficult to infer the feeding
ecology of species. The use of stable isotopic analysis plays a crucial role in elucidating trophic interactions. Here we
analysed δ15N, δ13C and δ34S in chick feathers, and we used a Bayesian triple-isotope mixing model to reconstruct the diet of a generalist predator,
the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) that breeds in the coastal upwelling area off northwest mainland Spain. The mixing model indicated that although chicks
from all colonies were fed with a high percentage of fish, there are geographical differences in their diets. While chicks
from northern colonies consume higher percentages of earthworms, refuse constitutes a more important source in the diet of chicks from western colonies. The three-isotope mixing model revealed
a heterogeneity in foraging habitats that would not have been apparent if only two stable isotopes had been analysed. Moreover,
our work highlights the potential of adding δ34S for distinguishing not only between terrestrial and marine prey, but also between different marine species such as fish,
crabs and mussels. 相似文献
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Scheurer M Storck FR Graf C Brauch HJ Ruck W Lev O Lange FT 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(4):966-973
Six trace contaminants (acesulfame (ACE), sucralose (SUC), carbamazepine (CBZ), diatrizoic acid (DTA), 1H-benzotriazole (BTZ) and its 4-methyl analogue (4-TTri)) were traced from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to receiving waters and further to riverbank filtration (RBF) wells to evaluate their prediction power as potential wastewater markers. Furthermore, the persistence of some compounds was investigated in advanced wastewater treatment by soil aquifer treatment (SAT). During wastewater treatment in four conventional activated sludge WWTPs ACE, SUC, and CBZ showed a pronounced stability expressed by stable concentration ratios in influent (in) and effluent (out) (ACE/CBZ: in45, out40; SUC/CBZ: in1.8, out1.7; and ACE/SUC: in24, out24). In a fifth WWTP, additional treatment with powdered activated carbon led to a strong elimination of CBZ, BTZ, and 4-TTri of about 80% and consequently to a distinctive shift of their ratios with unaffected compounds. Data from a seven month monitoring program at seven sampling locations at the rivers Rhine and Main in Germany revealed the best concentration correlation for ACE and CBZ (r(2) = 0.94) and also a good correlation of ACE and CBZ concentrations to BTZ and 4-TTri levels (r(2) = 0.66 to 0.82). The comparison of ratios at different sampling sites allowed for the identification of a CBZ point source. Furthermore, in Switzerland a higher consumption of SUC compared to Germany can be assumed, as a steadily increasing ACE/SUC ratio along the river Rhine was observed. In RBF wells a good correlation (r(2) = 0.85) was again observed for ACE and CBZ. Both also showed the highest stability at a prolonged residence time in the subsurface of a SAT field. In the most peripheral wells ACE and CBZ were still detected with mean values higher than 36 μg L(-1) and 1.3 μg L(-1), respectively. Although SUC concentrations in wastewater used for SAT decreased by more than 80% from about 18 μg L(-1) to 2.1 μg L(-1) and 3.5 μg L(-1) in these outlying wells, the compound was still adequate to indicate a wastewater impact in a qualitative way. 相似文献
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Weise Katrin Kurth Thomas Politowski Irina Winkelmann Carola Schäffer Andreas Kretschmar Susanne Berendonk Thomas Ulrich Jungmann Dirk 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(18):26706-26725
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although the development and application of nanomaterials is a growing industry, little data is available on the ecotoxicological effects on aquatic... 相似文献
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Paolo Casale Daniela Freggi Roberto Basso Carola Vallini Roberto Argano 《Marine Biology》2007,152(5):1039-1049
Sea turtle tagging carried out in Italy in the period 1981–2006 resulted in 125 re-encounters of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) after a mean of 2.5 years, from different marine areas in the Mediterranean. At first finding, turtles ranged 25–83 cm of
curved carapace length. Data were analyzed according to size, area, habitat type, season, in order to provide indication of
movement patterns. When integrated with other information, results indicate that: (1) a part of turtles in the oceanic stage
show a nomad behavior with movements among different oceanic areas; (2) another part show fidelity to an oceanic area; (3)
turtles in the neritic stage show fidelity to neritic areas, and once settled to one area, change to other neritic areas is
unlikely; (4) nomad oceanic turtles are significantly larger than sedentary ones, and also larger than turtles found in neritic
areas; it is hypothesized that these could be Atlantic turtles that eventually leave the Mediterranean; (5) ecological transition
from oceanic to neritic habitats occurs at a wide range of sizes, and some turtles may have a very brief oceanic stage; (6)
turtles in the oceanic stage are more likely to recruit to neritic areas close to their oceanic areas than to distant ones;
(7) part of turtles from some Mediterranean nesting beaches might frequent a relatively limited area range, including both
oceanic and neritic areas; (8) in most of the Mediterranean, latitudinal seasonal migrations are unlikely. A general model
of movement patterns of loggerhead turtles in the Mediterranean is proposed. 相似文献
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Infanticide by males is common in mammalian species such as primates in which lactation lasts much longer than gestation.
It frequently occurs in one-male groups following male takeovers and is likely a male reproductive strategy. Reported female
countertactics include abrupt weaning of infants, dispersal, or paternity confusion. Here, we estimated costs of female countertactics
in terms of weaning ages and interbirth intervals. We observed a population of white-headed leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in Nongguan Nature Reserve, China (1995–2006) mainly composed of one-male groups. Takeovers (N = 11) coincided with the peak conception period. Detailed data are presented for five takeovers (34 females, 29 infants,
and 47 group-years) leading to six infant disappearances (42.9% of infant mortality). All presumed infanticides were in accordance
with the sexual selection hypothesis. Following a takeover, females without infants or with old infants stayed with the new
males, incurring no or low costs (via abrupt weaning). Females with young infants dispersing with the old males also experienced
low costs. High costs (due to infant loss) were incurred by pregnant females and those with young infants who stayed with
the new males indicating that paternity was not confused. Costs in terms of long interbirth intervals were also high for females
leaving with the old males to later join the new males, despite infant survival. Female countertactics reflected female philopatry
mediated by infant age. Presumably due to the seasonal timing of takeovers, most countertactics seemed successful given that
32.3% of females apparently incurred no costs and 41.2% incurred only low costs. 相似文献
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To determine nutritional and social influences on life history traits and mating behavior in female langur monkeys, new long-term data for a feral population living in multi-male groups under poor nutritional conditions are presented and compared with published long-term data for the same species living in one-male groups under excellent nutritional conditions. Under poor nutritional conditions, conceptions were confined to 5 months per year, coinciding with the period of the highest mating activity. Age at first parturition, gestation periods, lactation periods, and interbirth intervals were all significantly increased resulting in a more than 50% reduced reproductive rate under poor conditions. The pattern of sexual behavior during gestation was influenced by neither nutritional nor social conditions but the frequency was higher in multi-male groups. Furthermore, estrus length was significantly increased in multi-male groups where females tended to mate with as many resident males as available. Both phenomena, together with a high percentage of sexual behavior occurring outside the mid-cycle estrus, are interpreted in the light of paternity confusion in multi-male groups in a species where infanticide by males is regularly observed. The extreme variation in life history traits and mating patterns disclosed here in one species suggests that future cross-species comparisons should strictly select datasets based on local ecological and social conditions. 相似文献