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131.
Paquet L Monteil-Rivera F Hatzinger PB Fuller ME Hawari J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(8):2304-2311
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a widely used explosive that is present in soils at a number of military sites, including training and testing ranges. Because of its relatively weak adsorption to soil, RDX frequently migrates through the unsaturated zone and causes groundwater contamination. In the environment, RDX can transform to produce mono-, di-, and tri-nitroso derivatives (MNX, DNX, and TNX) and the ring cleavage products methylenedinitramine (MEDINA) and 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (NDAB). The present study was undertaken to analyze RDX and its products in groundwater samples taken from various US military sites. The stability of some of the common transformation intermediates of RDX, including the nitroso derivatives, NDAB and MEDINA, under typical conditions in a groundwater aquifer is not well understood, and appropriate preservation methods for these compounds have not been established. Therefore, we studied the inherent stability of these compounds in deionized water and in groundwater, and evaluated various preservation techniques, including adjustment of pH, temperature, and salinity. NDAB and nitroso derivatives were stable under typical ambient environmental conditions, but MEDINA was highly unstable. The addition of sea salts (10% w/v) was found to stabilize MEDINA when the samples were stored at 4 °C. Using appropriate preservation techniques, we detected nitroso derivatives and NDAB, but no MEDINA, at some of the sites investigated. Stabilizing RDX intermediate products in field samples to allow detection is important because the presence of any of these chemicals can indicate past contamination by RDX and provide insight into the occurrence of in situ natural attenuation. 相似文献
132.
Marine spatial planning tends to prioritise biological conservation targets over socio-economic considerations, which may
incur lower user compliance and ultimately compromise management success. We argue for more inclusion of human dimensions
in spatial management, so that outcomes not only fulfill biodiversity and conservation objectives, but are also acceptable
to resource users. We propose a fuzzy logic framework that will facilitate this task- The protected area suitability index
(PASI) combines fishers’ spatial preferences with biological criteria to assess site suitability for protection from fishing.
We apply the PASI in a spatial evaluation of a small-scale reef fishery in Sabah, Malaysia. While our results pertain to fishers
specifically, the PASI can also be customized to include the interests of other stakeholders and resource users, as well as
incorporate varying levels of protection. 相似文献
133.
The development of carbon dioxide(CO_2) sorbents that can operate at elevated temperatures is significant for the advancement of pre-combustion capture technologies.Recently, promoter-based systems composed of alkali/alkaline earth metal nitrates and/or carbonates have been considered as next-generation solid sorbents due to their improved CO_2 uptake and kinetics. However, obtaining stable MgO sorbents against temperature swing regeneration still remained challenging. Herein, we report MgO-TiO_2 solid sorbents promoted by eutectic mixture(KNO_3 and LiNO_3) for elevated temperature CO_2 sorption. The developed sorbents show improved CO_2 sorption capacity, which may be attributed to the alternative CO_2 sorption pathway provided by the ionization of highly dispersed MgO in the eutectic mixture. The MgO-TiO_2 framework was also shown to assist in retaining the MgO configuration by constraining its interaction with CO_2. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that constructing composite structures is essential to improve the CO_2 sorption characteristics,mainly recyclability, at elevated temperatures. The developed promoter integrated sorbents showed exceptionally high CO_2 sorption capacity of 30 wt.% at an elevated temperature(300°C) with pronounced stability under temperature swing operation. 相似文献
134.
Florencia Petracchi Silvina Sisterna Laura Igarzabal Louise Wilkins-Haug 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(9):758-780
Congenital heart diseases are a common prenatal finding. The prenatal identification of an associated genetic syndrome or a major extracardiac anomaly helps to understand the etiopathogenic diagnosis. Besides, it also assesses the prognosis, management, and familial recurrence risk while strongly influences parental decision to choose termination of pregnancy or postnatal care. This review article describes the most common genetic diagnoses associated with a prenatal finding of a congenital heart disease and a suggested diagnostic process. 相似文献
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