梯齿形桥梁伸缩缝U形弯曲件的成形技术

此文介绍一种新型桥梁伸缩缝关键零件U形弯曲件的成形技术.通过对该零件的变形分析和采用合理的工艺措施,使得这一成形难度较大的弯曲件一次压制获得成功.     

循环热处理对高速钢超塑性的影响

此文研究了循环热处理工艺对W6Mo5Cr4V2钢超塑性的影响.结果表明:该钢在1040℃两次循环淬火是实现其超塑性的最佳热处理工艺;按此工艺进行预处理后,在810℃、初始应变速率为5.56×10~(-1)s~(-1)的条件下,该钢的超塑延伸率可达187%.     

温压工艺中聚合物添加剂的加入方式

采用温压技术制备铁基粉末冶金材料,研究了干混和湿混两种聚合物添加剂加入方式及压制温度对生坯和烧结体性能的影响,并对其作用机理进行了探讨.试验结果表明,干混混合粉生坯及烧结体的性能略高于湿混混合粉生坯及烧结体的性能,但前者的最佳压制温度范围略高.     

方轧件在椭圆孔型中轧制温度场的三维有限元分析

应用MARC/autoforge有限元软件对方轧件在椭圆孔型中的轧制温度场进行了热力耦合模拟.研究了模拟过程中的传热边界条件,分析了轧制前和轧制过程中轧件中温度场的分布和变化规律.模拟计算结果和实验结果的比较说明二者基本是相符的.     

Occurrence and congeners specific of poiychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.     

ASM1中废水和污泥组分浓度的测定方法研究

对呼吸计量法应用于校准ASM1作了简明的阐述。在呼吸速率与模型组分关系的基础上,介绍了ASM1中废水与污泥各组分浓度的测定方法,并指出模型组分细化的意义。     

自动监控技术在环境监测中的应用

介绍了自动控制技术、在线监测技术以及现代信息和多媒体技术在环境监测工作中的应用,并阐述了自动监控技术在环境监测中应用价值及存在的困难。     

Winter survival of microbial contaminants in soil:An in situ verification

The aim of the research was to evaluate, at site scale, the influence of freezing and freeze/thaw cycles on the survival of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci in soil, in a climate change perspective. Before the winter period and during grazing, viable cells of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci were detected only in the first 10 cm below ground, while,after the winter period and before the new seasonal grazing, a lower number of viable cells of both faecal indicators was detected only in some of the investigated soil profiles, and within the first 5 cm. Taking into consideration the results of specific investigations, we hypothesise that the non-uniform spatial distribution of grass roots within the studied soil can play an important role in influencing this phenomenon, while several abiotic factors do not play any significant role. Taking into account the local trend in the increase of air temperature, a different distribution of microbial pollution over time is expected in spring waters, in future climate scenarios. The progressive increase in air temperature will cause a progressive decrease in freeze/thaw cycles at higher altitudes, minimising cold shocks on microbial cells, and causing spring water pollution also during winter.     

冬季降雪过程对城市大气气态汞污染的影响

2009年降雪和非降雪期间对北京西北城区的气态总汞浓度进行了连续采样,比较了降雪期间、非降雪期间的气态总汞浓度日变化过程;降雪期间气态总汞浓度的降低和恢复过程。结果表明,降雪和非降雪期间大气气态总汞浓度的日均值有显著差异,降雪期间气态总汞的平均浓度为5．64ng·m^-3,非降雪期间的平均浓度为7．43ng·m^-3,前者约为后者的70％。降雪后约7h气态总汞浓度恢复到降雪前水平。研究中分析了气象因素（气压、风速、阵风速度、气温和相对湿度）对于气态总汞浓度的影响,结果表明：降雪期间主要受到风速（r=-0．527）和阵风速度（r=-0．574）的影响;非降雪期间主要受到风速（r=-0．691）,阵风速度（r=-0．726）和相对湿度（r=0．692）的影响,并且相对湿度的影响与风速的影响相近。降雪和非降雪期间气态总汞的日变化有所差异：非降雪期间气态总汞浓度在午夜和清晨较高,日变化趋势与相对湿度一致;降雪期间气态总汞的日变化没有明显规律。     

江苏近岸海域营养盐类污染分布特征与评价

江苏沿海大多属于淤泥质平原海岸,开发利用方式以农业为主,海水中的营养盐类污染物质量浓度分布与人海河流和海岸区域农田化肥施用强度有重要的关系,因此,了解和探讨江苏近岸营养盐类污染的污染程度及其分布有重要的意义。根据江苏近海区域特征,选择近岸海域19个站点作为研究地点,分别对这些地点的总氮、总磷、无机氮和磷酸盐等营养盐类污染物质量浓度进行了分析,首先探讨了这些营养盐污染物在分布江苏近岸海域沿岸方向和向海方向的空间分布特点,然后结合海水水质标准,利用等标污染指数和综合污染指数等方法进行了污染程度评价,得出了江苏沿海营养盐类污染物在空间分布上具有南北两端和中间部位都比较高,而中部辐射沙洲附近和南北两端之间的质量浓度较低的“w”形分布特征,在向海方向上具有营养盐污染物质量浓度基本上都表现为靠近海岸质量浓度高,远离海岸略低的变化趋势,在污染程度评价方面,总磷等标污染指数普遍超过1,总氮等标污染指数大多小于1,综合污染指数在1．63—14．08之间,差异比较明显,一般表现为南北高中间低的特点,最后结合江苏沿海地区河流排污人海情况以及农田化肥农药施用强度,对江苏近岸海域营养盐类污染分布状况进行了讨论。