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301.
Xiaolan Chai Jinping Jia Tonghua Sun Yalin Wang Liyan Liao 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):629-634
A novel and simple analytical procedure using cold activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction (CACF-SPME) was applied to determine organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in soil samples. The pesticides in this study consist of α -, β -, γ -, and δ -hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). By heating the sample while cooling the fiber, the developed method not only provides better performance in terms of sensitivity, linearity and recovery but also offers shorter adsorption procedure than that of traditional headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The experimental conditions such as the amount of water, adsorption time and adsorption temperature were optimized. Matrix effects were investigated with different types of soils. We concluded that using the standard addition method was required for quantification purposes. The limits of detection obtained using the proposed method range from 0.01 to 0.05 ng/g, and the recoveries for CACF-SPME are in the range of 80.01% to 89.68% with relative standard deviation (RSDs) better than 8.60%. The proposed method was further applied to determine OCs in real agricultural soil. The results are in good agreement with those obtained using traditional ultrasonic extraction. The research demonstrates the suitability of the CACF-SPME for the analysis of OCs in soil. 相似文献
302.
不透水表面雨水径流污染物冲刷规律研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
针对雨水径流污染冲刷模型中降雨强度与污染物冲刷存在的时间差问题,采用有效降雨强度替代降雨强度,建立了径流污染物冲刷模型,并利用建立的模型对不透水表面雨水径流污染物冲刷进行了模拟。结果表明,模型对SS、COD、TN和TP模拟的相关系数R2平均为0.87、0.81、0.93和0.89,具有较高的模拟精度。SS、COD、TN和TP的冲刷系数分别为0.77、0.66、0.92和0.74 mm-1,TN的冲刷系数略高,但总体相差不大。SS、COD、TN和TP均显示了较强的初期冲刷效应,在有效降雨强度为4 mm时,截留初期雨水径流量的35%~40%,即可控制70%以上雨水径流污染物。建立的模型可应用于研究不透水表面的雨水径流污染物冲刷规律,为雨水径流污染物控制提供理论计算依据。 相似文献
303.
Zhigang Xue Jiming Hao Fahe Chai Ning Duan Yizhen Chen Jindan Li 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1816-1826
Abstract This paper analyzes the air quality impacts of coal-fired power plants in the northern passageway of the West-East Power Transmission Project in China. A three-layer Lagrangian model called ATMOS, was used to simulate the spatial distribution of incremental sulfur dioxide (SO2) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations under different emission control scenarios. In the year 2005, the emissions from planned power plants mainly affected the air quality of Shanxi, Shaanxi, the common boundary of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, and the area around the boundary between Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. In these areas, the annually averaged incremental SO2 and PM10 concentrations exceed 2 and 2.5 µg/m3, respectively. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations are 8.3 and 7.2 µg/m3, respectively, which occur around Hancheng city, near the boundary of the Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces. After integrated control measures are considered, the maximum increases of annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations fall to 4.9 and 4 µg/m3, respectively. In the year 2010, the areas affected by planned power plants are mainly North Shaanxi, North Ningxia, and Northwest Shanxi. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations are, respectively, 6.3 and 5.6 µg/m3, occurring in Northwest Shanxi, which decline to 4.4 and 4.1 µg/m3 after the control measures are implemented. The results showed that the proposed power plants mainly affect the air quality of the region where the power plants are built, with little impact on East China where the electricity will be used. The influences of planned power plants on air quality will be decreased greatly by implementing integrated control measures. 相似文献
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305.
Tian H Cheng K Wang Y Zhao D Chai F Xue Z Hao J 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(7):755-763
The quantitative measurements of uncertainties regarding the contents of hazardous trace elements (HTEs) serve as a basis for better assessment of the geochemistry and mineralogical characteristics of coals and their environmental impacts. In this paper, by using bootstrap simulation methodology, a quantitative procedure was demonstrated to characterize the variability and uncertainty of HTE (Cd, Cr, and Pb) contents in Chinese coals, which were specified by 27 different provinces and mining areas. Original data samples for Cd, Cr, and Pb contents in Chinese coals were compiled and summarized from the results reported in published literature. Sampling distributions for uncertainties in statistics such as the mean, median, and confidence interval were calculated. The national average contents were estimated at approximately 0.61 microg/g for Cd, 30.37 microg/g for Cr, and 23.04 microg/g for Pb. The ranges of uncertainties for bootstrap samples of national HTE contents were nearly symmetrical, and the ranges of the 95% confidence interval for the arithmetic mean were relatively small, with relative uncertainties of -16.39% to +21.31% for Cd, -10.11% to +11.72% for Cr, and -8.55% to +8.64% for Pb. This shows that the arithmetic mean contents f HHTEs in Chinese coals are higher in southern provinces than those in northern provinces, obviously differing because of different coal basins. The high values of HTE contents occur in provinces such as Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Hubei, and Guangxi. Provinces with low contents are located in northwestern China and include Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia; this can be mainly attributed to the medium moisture content, low ash, and low sulfur content in coals. Several provinces with high HTE contents such as Ningxia for Cd, Guangdong for Cr, and Shaanxi for Pb may be associated with the representativeness of the original data samples. 相似文献
306.
Use of waste ash from palm oil industry in concrete 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tangchirapat W Saeting T Jaturapitakkul C Kiattikomol K Siripanichgorn A 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2007,27(1):81-88
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA), a by-product from the palm oil industry, is disposed of as waste in landfills. In this study, POFA was utilized as a pozzolan in concrete. The original size POFA (termed OP) was ground until the median particle sizes were 15.9 microm (termed MP) and 7.4 microm (termed SP). Portland cement Type I was replaced by OP, MP, and SP of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of binder. The properties of concrete, such as setting time, compressive strength, and expansion due to magnesium sulfate attack were investigated. The results revealed that the use of POFA in concretes caused delay in both initial and final setting times, depending on the fineness and degree of replacement of POFA. The compressive strength of concrete containing OP was much lower than that of Portland cement Type I concrete. Thus, OP is not suitable to be used as a pozzolanic material in concrete. However, the replacement of Portland cement Type I by 10% of MP and 20% of SP gave the compressive strengths of concrete at 90 days higher than that of concrete made from Portland cement Type I. After being immersed in 5% of magnesium sulfate solution for 364 days, the concrete bar mixed with 30% of SP had the same expansion level as that of the concrete bar made from Portland cement Type V. The above results suggest that ground POFA is an excellent pozzolanic material and can be used as a cement replacement in concrete. It is recommended that the optimum replacement levels of Portland cement Type I by MP and SP are 20% and 30%, respectively. 相似文献
307.
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309.
Zheng Xiaoqi Chai Qimin Chen Yi Li Xiaomei 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(1):36-43
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Assessing the mitigation effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction of the National VI Emissions Standard bears great significance in enhanced actions... 相似文献
310.