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41.
自来水中痕量挥发性有机物的测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近十年来,水中污染物的鉴定及分析逐渐引起了人们的重视,BOD、COD及TOC指标的测定只能说明有机污染物的存在,并不能提供关于污染物分子结构特性及其毒性的重要信息.水中原来就不同程度地含有一些有机和无机化合物,经过自来水厂氯化处理后会形成一系列挥发性有机卤化物,其中有些是已知的致癌物.因此,饮用水氯化处理与人体健康的关系受到人们的密切关注,水中痕量有机挥发物的分析已成为环境化学研究中的重大课题之一.填充柱GC/ECD测定法由于柱容量大,而且有较高的分析灵敏度,所以适合水中挥发性卤化物的常规测定,但是对复杂组分的分离不甚理想, 相似文献
42.
Independent teams undertook environmental monitoring of particular concentrations of major construction projects forming part of Hong Kong’s U.S. $20 billion airport infrastructure programme located in dense urban areas. The team combination of environmental specialists with experienced civil engineers enabled pragmatic mitigation measures to be developed and accepted by the construction personnel with the result that potentially significant adverse impacts were averted. The authors discuss the mechanism and success of this innovative approach. 相似文献
43.
大气降尘对土壤重金属累积量估算方法探讨——以重庆市綦江县永新冶炼厂为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
中国的有色金属冶炼企业、矿区周围土壤重金属污染日趋严重.本文对可能造成土壤污染的途径进行了简要分析,并以重庆市綦江县永新冶炼厂为例,分析了冶炼厂排放废气中含重金属颗粒物沉降进入土壤的途径,结合厂址周围土壤中镍含量的监测数据,计算分析了冶炼厂投产30年后,受影响区域因大气降尘引起的土壤镍污染分布状况及趋势,估算得出每年大约有250 kg的镍沉降到厂址周围约4 km2范围内的土壤中,自然沉降率约为32%,为区域土壤重金属污染防治提供了科学依据. 相似文献
44.
Andreas Züttel 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(3):343-365
Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in
pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also
pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels.
Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of
toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element
in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay
for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming
energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen
is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric
density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure
gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific
surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent
and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily
react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can
be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace. 相似文献
45.
研究利用 UASB反应器考察了 COD和硫酸盐浓度的比值对硫酸盐还原的影响 ,同时分析了硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷菌对COD的竞争情况 .发现在 HRT为 3.8h,SO2 -4 负荷为 6~ 7kg· ( m3· d) - 1 ,SO2 -4 浓度为 1 0 0 0 mg· L- 1 条件下 :1在 COD不足时 ,SRB与 MPB在竞争中占微弱优势 ;对于产甲烷活性比较好的厌氧污泥要经过较长的时间 ,SRB才能确立优势菌种的地位 .2 COD/ SO2 -4 比值决定了 SO2 -4 的去除率 .比值等于 2时 ,SO2 -4 的还原率在 95%以上 ;当比值为 1 .5时 ,SO2 -4 还原率为 75% ;当比值为 1时 ,SO2 -4 的还原率为 60 % . 相似文献
46.
47.
FUENSANTA CARAVACA DINO FIGUEROA ANTONIO ROLDÁn CONCEPCIÓN AZCÓN-AGUILAR 《Environmental management》2003,31(3):0412-0420
The reestablisment of autochthonous plant species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded areas under semiarid conditions.
A field experiment was carried out to assess the short-term effect of two reafforestation methods involving mycorrhizal inoculation
and compost addition on soil quality parameters and Rhamnus lycioides seedling growth. The nutrient content (NPK) and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease-BAA, acid phosphatase
and β-glucosidase) increased and bulk density decreased in the rhizosphere soil with the organic amendment. Biomass C of rhizosphere
soil increased by at least 240% with respect to the control soil after mycorrhizal inoculation and the combination of compost
addition + mycorrhizal inoculation. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and composted organic residue addition increased R. lycioides seedling growth in the same proportion. In the short term, we conclude that the application of both reafforestation methods
not only enhances the establishment of R. lycioides seedlings, but also improves soil quality. 相似文献
48.
49.
Research on biodegradable materials has been stimulated due to concern regarding the persistence of plastic wastes. Blending starch with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most promising efforts because starch is an abundant and cheap biopolymer and PLA is biodegradable with good mechanical properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) contains unhydrolytic residual groups of poly(vinyl acetate) and also has good compatibility with starch. It was added to a starch and PLA blend (50:50, w/w) to enhance compatibility and improve mechanical properties. PVOH (MW 6,000) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% (by weight) based on the total weight of starch and PLA, and 30% PVOH at various molecular weights (MW 6,000, 25,000, 78,000, and 125,000 dalton) were added to starch/PLA blends. PVOH interacted with starch. At proportions greater than 30%, PVOH form a continuous phase with starch. Tensile strength of the starch/PLA blends increased as PVOH concentration increased up to 40% and decreased as PVOH molecular weight increased. The increasing molecular weight of PVOH slightly affected water absorption, but increasing PVOH concentration to 40% or 50% increased water absorption. Effects of moisture content on the starch/PLA/PVOH blend also were explored. The blend containing gelatinized starch had higher tensile strength. However, gelatinized starch also resulted in increased water absorption. 相似文献
50.
用事故树分析法进行炼厂油罐爆炸事故的环境风险评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
论述了风险、风险评价、环境风险评价的概念及其主要内容,说明利用事故树分析法进行工程环境风险评价的程序和方法。并运用这种方法对某炼厂油罐爆炸事故进行了大气环境风险评价。 相似文献