应用淀粉工业废水生产单细胞蛋白质的优良菌种选育研究

淀粉工业废水中含有丰富的有机物质，可以做为生产单细胞蛋白质的原料来源．但是，不同种微生物对淀粉工业废水中的物质利用能力不同、净化废水能力不同、菌体蛋白收率也不同．因此菌种选择是应用淀粉工业废水生产单细胞蛋白质的关键．本研究为试验室内用淀粉生产废水培养单细胞蛋白质的优良菌种的初试选择研究．试验结果认定ＧｅｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍＬｉｎｋ为选用菌株．     

新生态MnO_2的制备及处理造纸废水的实验研究

实验制备并表征了XS - 1、XS - 2、XS - 3和XS - 4四种新生态MnO2 ,比较了它们对造纸废水的CODCr去除率和脱色率。结果表明 ,XS - 1和XS - 2样品的处理效果较好。选择XS - 1作为处理剂 ,研究了 pH值、投加量、温度等因素对处理效果的影响 ,并探讨了作用机理。当 pH值小于 1 .5、投加量为 50mg/ 1 0 0mL时 ,1 5℃下振荡 1h后 ,对CODCr为 3680mg/L、色度为 650倍的造纸废水的CODCr去除率达 60 % ,脱色率可达 91 %。     

Observation-based sources evolution of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in a megacity of China

Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacity in China, to explore evolution of emissions and effectiveness of air pollution control measures. The mixing ratio of NMHCs showed no statistical interannual changes, of which their compositions exhibited marked changes. This resulted in a decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8%/year (p < 0.05, the same below), which should be beneficial to ozone pollution mitigation as its production in Shanghai is in the NMHCs-limited regime. Observed alkanes, aromatics and acetylene changed by +3.7%/year, -5.9%/year and -7.4%/year, respectively, and alkenes showed no apparent trend. NMHCs sources were apportioned by a positive matrix factorization model. Accordingly, vehicular emissions (-5.9%/year) and petrochemical industry emissions (-7.1%/year) decreased significantly, but the decrease slowed down; significant reduction in solvent usage (-9.0%/year) appeared after 2010; however, emissions of natural gas (+12.6%/year) and fuel evaporation (with an increasing fraction) became more important. The inconsistency between observations and inventories was found in interannual trend and speciation as well as source contributions, emphasizing the need for further validation in NMHCs emission inventory. Our study confirms the effectiveness of measures targeting mobile and centralized emissions from industrial sources and reveals a need focusing on fugitive emissions, which provided new insights into future air policies in polluted region.     

Effect of the air pollution on atmospheric visibility in Beijing-Tianjin area

Simultaneous measurements of air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric visibility were made in Beijing and Tianjin areas in 1983-1985. The relationship between air pollution and visibility was studied. It was found that atmospheric particulates have the most high contribution to visibility decreasing. The percentages of contributions of sulfates and soot are 52-58% and 22-29% respectively. According to the results, we suggest that the emission of SO2 and particulates must be controlled in order to improve the atmospheric visibility.     

气溶胶污染对地面太阳紫外辐射的影响

一、前言太阳光通过大气层时经过了各种影响因素的衰减后到达地面,其中臭氧分子吸收,气溶胶粒子吸收和散射的影响作用最为主要.当臭氧浓度或气溶胶粒子浓度改变时,到达地面的太阳紫外辐射量将改变.据观测,近二十年来,全球范围内臭氧总量已普遍减少了1％—3％.臭氧浓度的降低增加了地面紫外线B辐射(UV-B,280—320nm),从而将给地球生物带来一定的危害作用.尽管臭氧浓度减少对地面UV-B辐射增加的作用很大,但是大气中颗粒物含量的增     

半导体材料生产废水中的GaAs、Ga~(3+)和Ge~(4+)对活性污泥核酸和氨基酸的影响

研究了GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)、Hg~(2+)和Cr~(6+)对活性污泥脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)和核糖核酸(RNA)的影响,以及GaAs对活性污泥氨基酸的影响。结果表明,Hg~(2+)和Cr~(6+)主要使活性污泥中核酸的DNA含量减少,GaAs则主要使RNA含量减少,Ge~(4+)浓度达到300ppm/g MLSS对,无论对DNA还是RNA的合成都有较强的抑制影响。低浓度的GaAs对活性污泥氨基酸含量影响不大,而GaAs浓度达360ppm/g MLSS时则使活性污泥中氨基酸含量明显减少。     

中国湖泊水资源问题与优化调控战略

湖泊水资源在国民经济和社会可持续发展中占有重要的位置,实施优化调控战略是中国湖泊水资源可持续开发利用的重要途径。文中扼要综述了中国湖泊水资源特点和开发利用中存在水资源短缺、湖泊水资源污染和相关问题,指出湖泊资源优化调控的思路是进行湖泊流域系统的综合调控,目前针对中国湖泊水资源问题的优化战略措施包括:实施湖泊水资源流域管理战略、建立流域节约型国民经济体系、增加科技投入并因地制宜实施环境整治、流域污染的全过程与全方位控制、实施环境教育战略。     

驯化活性污泥处理高含盐量有机废水研究

工业废水的高含盐量对生物处理有强抑制作用，该文利用驯化活性污泥对此类废水进行有 机物降解试验，试验表明，含盐量和有机负荷在一定范围内，对化活性污泥并明显抑制作用，ＣＯＤ去除率稳定在９０％以上，ＢＯＤ去除率稳定在９３％以上，半速率常数Ｋｓ＝３４０ｍｇ／Ｌ，最大比降解速度Ｋ＝１．９６／ｄ。驯化活性污泥以菌胶团为主，菌落形态相对较少。同时有少量原生动物，主要以纤毛虫中的裂口虫和漫游虫为主。     

高梁种子萌发成苗过程中水分需求的量化研究

用渗透势不同的聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）６０００模拟外界环境水分条件，对高梁不同品种的种子在萌动、萌发及成苗３个阶段水分需求的量化研究表明：种子的抗旱性随吸水进程的推进而减弱，种子在萌动、萌发及出士成苗的时间（ｔ）与外界环境水势（ｗ）之间存在着１／ｔ＝ａ＋ｂｗ的关系，据此推算不同品种在不同成苗阶段的需水阈值，发现不同品种在同一成苗过程中对环境水分条件的反应不同，抗旱性也不同．     

聚硅酸氯化铁絮凝剂

介绍以水玻璃和ＦｅＣｌ３等为原料合成的一种新型无机复合絮凝剂－聚硅酸氯化铁。该絮凝剂对去除某些废水中的ＳＳ和重金属效果良好，价格低廉，很有实用价值。