电解法处理活性染料废水的研究

某化工厂活性染料生产废水高CODCr值、高浓度、高色度、高盐分、成分复杂、有毒有害物质多、可生化性差。实验确定了废水经AS剂絮凝和电解预处理的研究方案。主要考察了电极极板材料、电解pH值、电解电压大小、电解时间和电极极板间距对CODCr去除效果的影响 ,从而确定了最佳电解条件 :采用石墨板电极 ,pH =3,电解电压 6 5V ,电解时间 5 0min ,电极极板间距 5cm。最佳条件下经放大实验 ,发现CODCr去除率高达 70 %以上。     

农作物秸秆资源的综合利用

本文对农作物秸秆的产量、开发利用现状、设备及存在的问题等方面进行了分析研究,并对秸秆的综合利用作了初步的探讨     

Electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by lactic acid enhancement in the catholyte

The electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by adding lactic acid in cathode chamber as an enhancing reagent was evaluated. Two sets of duplicate experiments with chromium contaminated kaolinite and with a silty soil sampled from a supeffund site in Califomia of USA and polluted by Cr and Cu, were carried out in a constant current mode. Changes of soil water content and soil pH before and after the electrokinetic experiments, and variations of voltage drop and electroosmosis flow during the treatments were examined. The results indicated that Cr, spiked as Cr(Ⅵ) in the kaolinite, was accumulated mainly in the anode chamber, and some of Cr and metal hydroxides precipitated in the soil sections in contact with the cathode, which significantly increased electrical energy consumption. Treatment of the soil collected from the site showed accumulation of large amounts of Cr and Cu in the anode chamber while none was detected in the cathode one. The results suggested that the two metals either complexed with the injected lactic acid at the cathode or existed as negatively charged complex, and electromigrated toward the anode under a voltage gradient.     

从湖泊水域环境异变论洞庭湖区洪涝灾害

分析了洞庭湖泥沙淤积，人类活动的合成作用而导致湖泊水域环境界变及其对洪涝灾害的负效应。并从改善湖泊水域环境的角度上，提出了节制进口，疏浚河湖，稳定湖面和扩大出口等有效治理途径，以尽快提高洞庭湖区的防洪排涝能力。     

基于AT89C51的烟道火灾探测系统设计研究

针对频繁发生的饮食业烟道火灾事故,在烟道火灾发火机理及烟道沉积物燃烧特性试验研究的基础上,提出了适合于烟道环境的火灾探测系统设计方案.该系统设计方案采用单片机AT89C51为核心控制芯片,选用热电偶温度传感器为信息采集单元,以集冷端补偿电路、信号放大电路和模数转换电路为一体的具有测温精度高、可靠性高及稳定性好等优点的MAX6675芯片为信号处理模块,以及报警和液晶显示模块.烟道火灾发生时,温度传感器采集信号后经信号处理芯片送控制系统,通过液晶显示并与系统设定报警阈值对比,判断是否发出报警信号.     

湖相沉积软土中盾构端头关键控制措施研究∗

湖相沉积软土在昆明地区分布广泛,工程性质极其特殊,在该场地中盾构施工风险性极高,易引发端头失稳, 涌水涌砂灾害,探究软土场地盾构端头施工关键控制措施成为亟待解决的问题。采用经验分析法并引入正交试验对端头加固工艺及加固范围进行分析,得出适用性最优工艺与最优加固范围计算模型,给出各工艺应用建议、端头稳定敏感性排序及加固范围理论解。针对现有洞门密封止水系统涌水涌砂风险较大的问题,提出了一种由三道密封构件与两道主动措施组成的新型永久密封止水系统。将所得结论与创新型止水系统应用于昆明轨道交通 5 号线会宝区间端头,采用 MidasGts 与对数螺旋滑动计算模型对端头土体进行数值模拟与稳定性计算,所得位移云图及安全系数与实际施工情况相吻合,由此实现端头加固范围理论解与工程解的统一。从施工现场来看,新型止水系统应用效果非常理想,有效保证了盾构进出洞安全,可为相似盾构工程设计与施工提供借鉴。     

The prediction of adsorption isotherms of ester vapors on hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent

Adsorption isotherms of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and ethyl propionate on hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (ND- 100) were measured at 303K, 318K and 333K,respectively, and well fitted by Dubinin–Astakhov (DA) equation. The plots of the adsorbed volume (q _v ) versus the adsorption potential (ε) at three different temperatures all fell basically onto one single curve for every ester. A predicted model based on DA equation was obtained on the basis of adsorption equilibrium data of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and ethyl propionate at 318K. The model equation successfully predicted the adsorption isotherms of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and ethyl propionate on ND-100 at 303K, and 333K, and also gave accurate predictive results for adsorption isotherms of the other two ester compounds (propyl acetate and isopropyl acetate) on ND-100 at 303K, 318K and 333K. The results proved the effectiveness of DA model for predicting the adsorption isotherms of ester compounds onto ND-100. In addition, the relationship between physico-chemical properties of adsorbates and their adsorption properties was also investigated. The results showed that molecular weight, molar volume and molar polarizability had good linear correlations with the parameter E (which represents adsorption characteristic energy) of DA equation.     

不同的增强试剂对重金属污染场地土壤的电动修复影响

选择重金属污染场地土壤为修复对象,研究了添加络合剂EDTA?有机酸乳酸和柠檬酸以及无机酸硝酸对电动修复该污染土壤的影响.结果表明,增强试剂的加入,显著促进了铜?铅?镍和六价铬在电场中的迁移和去除,电动过程促进了土壤重金属向有效态(醋酸铵提取)转化.其中,在阴极加入乳酸并控制pH3.5的处理,土壤中铜的去除率最高,达78.7%.在阴?阳极都加入EDTA的处理中,土壤中重金属的去除率在30%左右,重金属在靠近阴极的部分发生聚集.在阴极加入柠檬酸的处理中,土壤中铜?镍和六价铬的去除率均较高,分别为68.5%?53.3%和52.9%.阴极加入硝酸控制pH3.5对土壤中六价铬的去除率最高,达93.3%.     

利用大型土柱自然淋溶条件下研究土壤重金属的迁移及形态转化

为研究不同重金属在土壤中的迁移和形态转化,通过分层填装土柱,在土柱0~5 cm深度范围内添加Pb、Ag、Bi、In、Sb和Sn等重金属污染土壤,并在自然条件下淋溶4 a,分析各重金属在红壤、潮土、黑土和砂土中的迁移速率及其形态组成. 结果表明:①在>30 cm深度范围内,红壤、潮土和黑土中各重金属质量分数与其相应本底值相比变化不大;与试验前土壤相比,砂土整个剖面中6种重金属质量分数均较高. ②6种重金属在4种土壤中的残留率表现为砂土<潮土<黑土<红壤;对于0～10 cm土壤中Pb的残留率,在潮土中大于Ag和Sb,在黑土中大于Ag,在红壤中大于In,在砂土中则大于Sn. ③模拟试验后残留在土柱中的重金属主要分布在土壤表层(0～30 cm),而深层(>30 cm)较少;6种重金属在红壤、潮土、黑土和砂土中的残留率平均值分别为98.0%、65.1%、65.9%和56.5%. ④与添加污染土壤之前相比,试验后土壤中残渣态等稳定形态重金属质量分数较低,其中Pb、In和Sb均以碳酸盐结合态和有机金属络合态为主,Ag和Sn分别以有机金属络合态、双氧水可提取有机结合态和有机金属络合态、无定形铁锰氧化物结合态为主,而Bi则以碳酸盐结合态和双氧水可提取有机结合态为主. 结果显示,红壤中Pb的迁移风险较低,潮土和黑土中Ag、Sb的迁移风险较高,而砂土中Sn和Sb的迁移风险需要格外关注.