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401.
条件数在台风移动路径预报中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以1960-2001年41年中每年7月份西行进入南海海域的台风样本为基础,综合考虑台风移动路径的气候持续因子和数值预报产品的物理量场因子,运用条件数方法选取因子并建立回归方程,进行了台风路径的预报建模研究。由于采用条件数计算分析方法可以有效减少和控制自变量之间的复共线性关系,因此,所建立的台风移动路径模型具有较好的预报效果,24小时的预报误差仅为136.29km。另外,还进一步将该预报方法与国内外普遍采用的气候持续法台风移动路径预报方法进行了对比分析,结果表明,该方法的预报精度要高于气候持续法。 相似文献
402.
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important mineral nutrients in agricultural systems, and along with nitrogen (N), is generally the most limiting nutrient for plant production. Farming systems have intensified greatly over time, and in recent years it has become apparent that the concomitant increase in losses of N and P from agricultural land is having a serious detrimental effect on water quality and the environment. The last two decades have seen a marked increase in research into the issues surrounding diffuse losses of P to surface and ground water. This paper reviews this research, examining the issue of P forms in runoff, and highlighting the exceptions to some generally held assumptions about land use and P transport. In particular the review focuses on P losses associated with recent P fertilizer application, as opposed to organic manures, both on the amounts and the forms of P in runoff water. The effects of the physicochemical characteristics of different forms of P fertilizer are explored, particularly in relation to water solubility. Various means of mitigating the risk of loss of P are discussed. It is argued that the influence of recent fertilizer applications is an under-researched area, yet may offer the most readily applicable opportunity to mitigate P losses by land users. This review highlights and discusses some options that have recently become available that may make a significant contribution to the task of sustainable management of nutrient losses from agriculture. 相似文献
403.
404.
Engineering line diagram development from process flowsheets: Part 1: Shortfalls in current practice
S. Long P. D. B. Bujac D. C. Woodcock M. L. Preston A. G. Rushton I. W. Cumming 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2000,13(6):459-465
Engineering line diagram (ELD) development forms a distinct phase in process plant design. It is a complex and expensive activity and as such warrants considerable effort to minimise costs and maximise effectiveness. In this paper, the nature of the ELD design task is analysed in order to understand how it could be carried out more effectively. A number of shortfalls in current practice are discussed. These shortfalls were identified through a combination of the following activities: a review of the literature; a survey of current practice and follow-up line diagram development exercise; and task analysis work carried out at ICI. The most significant findings of the survey of current practice are presented. It is proposed that the shortfalls identified can be overcome by introducing structure to the design task. The manner in which this can be achieved is the subject of the second part of this paper. 相似文献
405.
406.
407.
研究了Cu2+、Pb2+在2种土壤上的竞争吸附动力学过程.结果表明,Cu2+、Pb2+在乌栅土上的吸附量均高于在红壤上的吸附量,Pb2+又较Cu2+在土壤上的吸附量大.分别用一级、二级动力学方程、抛物线方程、Elovich方程和幂函数方程对该吸附动力学过程进行了拟合,其中幂函数方程拟合结果最好.Cu2+、Pb2+在乌栅土上的吸附主要是通过与土壤中的Ca2+、Mg2+进行交换,其累积吸附量与Ca2+、Mg2+的累积解吸量线性关系显著(R2为0.990~1);在红壤上是通过与土壤中的H+进行离子交换而吸附.Pb2+对Ca2+和Mg2+的交换能力比Cu2+强,其存在显著降低了Cu2+在2种土壤上的吸附量;Cu2+的存在略降低Pb2+在土壤上的吸附量. 相似文献
408.
Shumei Jiang Xiang Li Long Zhang Wei Sun Shikun Dai Lianwu Xie Yonghong Liu Kyung Jin Lee 《Marine Biology》2008,153(5):945-952
The study describes the diversity of actinobacteria isolated from the marine sponge Iotrochota sp. collected in the South China Sea. Species and natural product diversity of isolates were analyzed, including screening
for genes encoding polyketide synthases (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), and 16S rRNA gene restriction fragment
length polymorphism (RFLP). PKS and NRPS sequences were detected in more than half of the isolates and the different “PKS-I–PKS-II–NRPS”
combinations in different isolates belonging to the same species indicated a potential natural product diversity and divergent
genetic evolution. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolates belonged to genera
Streptomyces, Cellulosimicrobium, and Nocardiopsis. The majority of the strains tested belonged to the genus Streptomyces and one of them may be a new species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterium classified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. isolated from a marine sponge.
Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-recourses Sustainable Utilization (LMB-CAS), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica
(LMMM-GD), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, People’s Republic of China. 相似文献
409.
Biodiversity mediates productivity through different mechanisms at adjacent trophic levels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Biodiversity may enhance productivity either because diverse communities more often contain productive species (selection effects) or because they show greater complementarity in resource use. Our understanding of how these effects influence community production comes almost entirely from studies of plants. To test whether previous results apply to higher trophic levels, we first used simulations to derive expected contributions of selection and complementarity to production in competitive assemblages defined by either neutral interactions, dominance, or a trade-off between growth and competitive ability. The three types of simulated assemblages exhibited distinct interaction signatures when diversity effects were partitioned into selection and complementarity components. We then compared these signatures to those of experimental marine communities. Diversity influenced production in fundamentally different ways in assemblages of macroalgae, characterized by growth-competition trade-offs, vs. in herbivores, characterized by dominance. Forecasting the effects of changing biodiversity in multitrophic ecosystems will require recognizing that the mechanism by which diversity influences functioning can vary among trophic levels in the same food web. 相似文献
410.
研究了添加络合剂和控制阴极池溶液酸度对铬在黄棕壤中电动过程的影响.结果表明,EDTA 柠檬酸和乳酸的加入明显改变了电动过程中电渗流的大小和铬在土柱中的分配,其中柠檬酸因可与土壤中的 Cr(III)发生较强的络合作用而显著增加了土壤总铬的去除率(29.8%);改变阴极池溶液酸度不仅影响了电动过程中电流、电渗流的大小和铬在土柱中的分配,同时也显著改变了总铬的去除率.其中在 pH 6.0 和pH 10.0 时,总铬的去除率分别达 25.3%和 24.0%,较 pH 4.0 和 pH 8.0 时增高近 1 倍.所有电动处理以后土壤中剩余的六价铬浓度均显著减少,约降低 80%,表明电动处理对土壤中六价铬(铬的主要有毒形态)的去除是非常有效的. 相似文献