胺液脱硫系统再生性能下降原因分析及对策

中国石化茂名分公司两套胺液集中再生装置出现异常,再生后贫液中ρ(H_2S)达到2.0~3.0 g/L,远高于1.2g/L的工艺设计值。通过在实验室模拟装置上考察新鲜脱硫剂的吸收和再生性能、分析工厂胺液脱硫系统贫液的杂质组成和来源、对比实验室净化前后的效果,查明胺液脱硫系统脱硫剂再生性能下降的原因。据此对工厂胺液脱硫系统提出相应的操作建议,包括采取胺液净化技术将系统热稳盐含量(w)从2.35%降至0.95%、规范操作以降低Na~+含量等措施,使得胺液脱硫系统在整改后的两个月运行中,贫液中ρ(H_2S)从原来的最高1.68 g/L降至0.66 g/L以下,达到胺液脱硫系统稳定运行的目的。     

利用啤酒废水培养极大螺旋藻

利用啤酒废水培养极大螺旋藻（Spirulina maxima）。研究了初始COD、DO、氮磷元素等培养条件对藻生物量（每mL培养液中极大螺旋藻的质量,以干重计）及废水水质的影响。实验结果表明：将废水稀释至COD=700 mg/L,控制DO=2.5 mg/L,并添加氮磷元素使废水的碳氮磷质量比为225∶15∶1,培养3 d,极大螺旋藻的藻生物量可达175.55 mg/L,即每吨啤酒废水可生产极大螺旋藻175.55 g;废水中COD,TN,NH₃-N,NO₃^-,TP的去除率分别达到85.43%,94.54%,74.66%,94.53%,61.54%。利用啤酒废水培养螺旋藻在收获极大螺旋藻生物质的同时,还能对废水起到一定程度的净化作用。     

Effects of different ratios of pig manure to fungus residue on physicochemical parameters during composting

This study examined physicochemical parameters to assess their effectiveness as stability and maturity indicators during the process of composting pig manure and fungus residue at different ratios. The results showed that composting mixtures with all ratios of pig manure to fungus residue maintained a temperature exceeding 50 °C for more than 10 days during composting and met the requirement for pathogen destruction. The treatment containing mainly pig manure showed higher nitrogen loss and a shorter thermophilic phase and maturity time than the treatment containing mainly fungus residue. The germination index (GI) values indicated that compost maturity was achieved in the final compost with initial ratios of pig manure to fungus residue of 9:1–7:3 (GIs of 101.4%, 91.2%, and 81.3%); the ratio of 6:4 did not reach compost maturity (GI of 63.8%) and had an inhibitory effect on seed germination. The results of this study suggest that a ratio of pig manure to fungus residue of approximately 8:2 can be considered suitable for the efficient and quality composting of pig manure and fungus residue.

Implications: Co-composting of pig manure and edible fungi residue with appropriate proportion can effectively reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by agricultural wastes, as well as achieve a safer and high-quality organic fertilizer, which can be used to improve physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase crop yields, and promote agricultural sustainable development. Therefore, technique of co-composting of pig manure and edible fungi residue has a wide prospect of application in practical production all over the world.     

Temperature effects on particulate emissions from DPF-equipped diesel trucks operating on conventional and biodiesel fuels

Emissions tests were conducted on two medium heavy-duty diesel trucks equipped with a particulate filter (DPF), with one vehicle using a NOx absorber and the other a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for control of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Both vehicles were tested with two different fuels (ultra-low-sulfur diesel [ULSD] and biodiesel [B20]) and ambient temperatures (70ºF and 20ºF), while the truck with the NOx absorber was also operated at two loads (a heavy weight and a light weight). The test procedure included three driving cycles, a cold start with low transients (CSLT), the federal heavy-duty urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS), and a warm start with low transients (WSLT). Particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured second-by-second using an Aethalometer for black carbon (BC) concentrations and an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) for particle count measurements between 5.6 and 560 nm. The DPF/NOx absorber vehicle experienced increased BC and particle number concentrations during cold starts under cold ambient conditions, with concentrations two to three times higher than under warm starts at higher ambient temperatures. The average particle count for the UDDS showed an opposite trend, with an approximately 27% decrease when ambient temperatures decreased from 70ºF to 20ºF. This vehicle experienced decreased emissions when going from ULSD to B20. The DPF/SCR vehicle tested had much lower emissions, with many of the BC and particle number measurements below detectable limits. However, both vehicles did experience elevated emissions caused by DPF regeneration. All regeneration events occurred during the UDDS cycle. Slight increases in emissions were measured during the WSLT cycles after the regeneration. However, the day after a regeneration occurred, both vehicles showed significant increases in particle number and BC for the CSLT drive cycle, with increases from 93 to 1380% for PM number emissions compared with tests following a day with no regeneration.

Implications:?The use of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) on trucks is becoming more common throughout the world. Understanding how DPFs affect air pollution emissions under varying operating conditions will be critical in implementing effective air quality standards. This study evaluated particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) emissions with two DPF-equipped heavy-duty diesel trucks operating on conventional fuel and a biodiesel fuel blend at varying ambient temperatures, loads, and drive cycles.     

Cu/La共掺杂TiO2光催化氧化水中的氨氮

采用水解-沉淀法制备了Cu/La共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂,利用XRD、XPS和BET技术对其进行表征,并考察了在紫外灯下,共掺杂TiO2对氨氮的光催化氧化工艺条件。物相结构和比表面积测试结果表明,共掺杂催化剂具有较好的锐钛矿晶型,孔径分布为4～8 nm,Cu/La共掺杂TiO2La以La3+,Cu是以Cu2+、Cu+的形式掺杂进入TiO2的晶格。光催化实验表明:所得改性光催化剂对氨氮的去除及焦化废水的处理均具有较高的催化活性。     

高炉渣调质作为矿渣纤维原料

以铁矿废石和粉煤灰的混合物为添加剂对高炉渣进行调质,调质后的矿渣作为制备矿渣纤维的原料,并对影响机理进行分析。结果表明,随着添加剂比例升高,矿渣的酸度系数M_k和粘度系数M_η升高,氢离子指数pH降低,矿渣纤维的稳定性逐渐增加,矿渣粘度较小,其主晶相为黄长石。配加添加剂比例较高时熔渣凝固后无矿物析出,形成均匀的无限固溶体。矿渣更加适合制备矿渣棉纤维。     

春季典型天气太原市大气环境监测时段性研究

为了从一些具有代表性的监测时段数据中快速而直观地反映太原市大气环境状况,运用特征分析法对太原市中心城区7个监测点的16个时间点位的样本数据联系性进行了分析。借助MATLAB软件对其进行可视化,得到各监测点的时间点优化分组。通过对7个优化分组综合比选,提出了能整体反映春季典型天气条件下太原市大气环境状况的优化时段点位,分别为7:00、12:00、14:00、15:00、18:00、19:00和22:00。将5 d相同或相似天气状况的优化时段点位进行对比,得到的结果一致,体现了代表性。太原市总体优化时段点位数据由反映各区域状况的各监测点优化时段点数据平均值或乘以相应的权重得出。     

Coptis teeta-based agroforestry system and its conservation potential: a case study from northwest Yunnan

Coptis teeta (Ranunculaceae), is a nontimber forest product (NTFP) that only grows in northwest Yunnan and northeast India. Its tenuous rhizome, known as "Yunnan goldthread" in the traditional Chinese medicine system, has been used as an antibacterial and as an antiinflammatory medicine for a long time. The increasing demand has resulted in commercial harvesting pressure on wild populations that were already dwindling as a result of deforestation, and wild populations are at risk of extinction. Fortunately, there exists at least 2000 hectares of a C. teeta-based agroforestry system initiated by the Lisu people in Nujiang, northwest Yunnan. This cultivation supplies us with a valuable study case for the balance between conservation and sustainable use. This case study investigated the traditional management system and history of C. teeta in Nujiang through ethnobotanical methods and field investigation. We also contrasted initial costs, economic returns, and labor demands for C. teeta cultivation with other major land uses in the region. Compared with swidden agriculture, the major land-use type in the region, C. teeta cultivation offers high economic returns and low labor and initial costs; moreover, C. teeta cultivation does not interfere with subsistence agricultural duties. This agroforestry system reflected that the cultivation of NTFPs is a conservation strategy for maintaining forest diversity, while providing a stable economic return to local forest communities, and indicates how local people manage biodiversity effectively.     

菜园土壤铜吸附--解吸特性的研究

研究了菜园土壤铜的吸附—解吸特性。结果表明 ,3种菜园土壤吸附 Cu2 的量均随平衡液中Cu2 浓度的增加而增大 ,可用 L angmuir方程和 Freundlich方程来描述。由 Langmuir方程求得的菜园土壤对 Cu2 的最大吸附量和最大缓冲容量的大小顺序为 :黄松土 >江涂土 >粉泥土 ,菜园土壤对 Cu2 的解吸量和解吸率均随其吸附量的增加而增加 ,吸附量与解吸量之间呈显著或极显著线性正相关。