基于风险管控的污染地块修复模式概述

基于风险管控的理念,结合风险产生的3要素(污染源、暴露途径和风险受体),分别介绍了污染地块治理修复的多种可选修复模式。在多层次风险防控的思路下构建污染地块的修复模式,可以为污染地块的安全利用提供多样化的解决方案。     

Characterization of drug and alcohol use among senior drivers fatally injured in U.S. motor vehicle collisions, 2008–2012

Objective: Adults 65 years of age and older comprise the fastest growing demographic in the United States. As substance use is projected to increase in this population, there is concern that more seniors will drive under the influence of impairing drugs. The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the drug and alcohol usage among senior drivers fatally injured (FI) in traffic collisions.

Methods: Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System were analyzed from 2008 to 2012. Commonly used classes and specific drugs were explored. Rates of drug use, multiple drugs, concomitant drug and alcohol use, and alcohol use alone were generated using Poisson regression with robust error variance estimation. Rates were compared to a reference population of FI middle-aged drivers (30 to 50 years old) using rate ratios.

Results: Drug use among FI senior drivers occurred in 20.0% of those tested. Among drug-positive FI senior drivers, narcotics and depressants were frequent. The prevalence of testing positive for any drug, multiple drugs, combined drug and alcohol, and alcohol use alone among FI seniors were 47% less (relative risk [RR] = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47, 0.62), 59% less (RR = 0.41, 95% CI, 0.34, 0.51), 87% less (RR = 0.13, 95% CI, 0.09, 0.19), and 77% less (RR = 0.23, 95% CI, 0.19, 0.28), respectively, compared to FI middle-aged drivers.

Conclusions: Though overall drug use is less common among FI senior drivers relative to FI middle-aged drivers, driving under the influence of drugs may be a relevant traffic safety concern in a portion of this population.     

Lambda-cyhalothrin disrupts the up-regulation effect of 17β-estradiol on post-synaptic density 95 protein expression via estrogen receptor α-dependent Akt pathway

Lambda-cyhalothrin(LCT),one of the type II pyrethroids,has been widely used throughout the world.The estrogenic effect of LCT to increase cell proliferation has been well established.However,whether the estrogenic effect of LCT will influence neurodevelopment has not been investigated.In addition,17β-Estradiol(E2)plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and induces an increase in synaptic proteins.The post-synaptic density 95(PSD95)protein,which is involved in the development of the structure and function of new spines and localized with estrogen receptor α(ERα)at the post-synaptic density(PSD),was detected in our study by using hippocampal neuron cell line HT22.We found that LCT up-regulated PSD95 and ERα expression,estrogen receptor(ER)antagonist ICI182,780 and phosphatidylinositol-4;5-bisphosphate 3-kinase(PI3K)inhibitor LY294,002 blocked this effect.In addition,LCT disrupted the promotion effect of E2 on PSD95.To investigate whether the observed changes are caused by ERα-dependent signaling activation,we next detected the effects of LCT on the ERα-mediated PI3K-Protein kinase B(PKB/Akt)-eukaryotic initiation factor(e IF)4E-binding protein 1(4E-BP1)pathway.There existed an activation of Akt and the downstream factor 4E-BP1 after LCT treatment.In addition,LCT could disrupt the activation effect of E2 on the Akt pathway.However,no changes in c AMP response element-binding protein(CREB)activation and PSD95 messenger ribonucleic acid(m RNA)were observed.Our findings demonstrated that LCT could increase the PSD95 protein level via the ERα-dependent Akt pathway,and LCT might disrupt the up-regulation effect of E2 on PSD95 protein expression via this signaling pathway.     

基于自然正交展开的神经网络长期预报模型

对月降水量的前期500hPa高度场、海温场相关预报因子进行E0F展开，并取其中与预报量相关程度较高的主成分，结合人工神经网络技术，建立了一种新的短期气候预测模型。将这种新的预报模型与同样根据这些预报因子建立的回归预报模型进行了对比分析。结果表明，这种新的短期气候预测模型由于集中了众多预报因子的预报信息，并有效地利用了神经网络方法的非线性映射能力，因此比传统预报方法的预报精度显著提高，并且稳定性好，具有很好的应用前景。     

广西钦州湾近岸海域“十一·五”期间营养盐变化趋势分析及污染控制重点

通过2006年-2010年N、P、Si数据分析广西钦州湾海域N、P、Si的变化趋势、富营养化状况以及限制因子。分析表明:钦州外湾DIN、DIP、SiO3-Si含量呈波浪形变化并有所下降,钦州外湾2006年-2010年均为贫营养,外湾海水水质良好。茅尾海DIN值含量较高,海域受到N的影响。茅尾海2006年-2010年为轻度～中度富营养。茅尾海属于磷中等限制富营养,磷酸盐仅表现为相对不足,仍然有爆发赤潮的危险。控制茅尾海富营养化的关键在于控制磷的入海量。     

安徽省地电阻率观测干扰因素的分析研究

为了正确鉴别震前异常信息,本文从影响安徽省地电阻率观测数据的干扰因素入手,详细地分析了典型干扰的变化特征及干扰机制,并对干扰的排除提出相应建议,其研究结果对有效地识别干扰及异常判断有一定的指导意义。     

国内外电子废物管理法规比较初探

介绍了当前国内外电子废物管理的法律法规,通过对国内外电子废物管理法规在完备程度、主管机构、准备时间、处罚力度以及责任制等方面进行比较,分析了当前我国电子废物管理法规存在的问题。并提出了制定电子废物专项法律、完善配套法规标准、适当延长法律法规从颁布到实施的时间间隔,明确电子电器产品及电子废物主管部门,加强相关部门间的协调、加强对电子废物违法行为的处罚力度、明确责任机制．建立国家电子废物基金等对策和建议。     

基于数字流域的水质综合管理决策支持系统——以深圳石岩水库流域为例

鉴于城市化地区水环境问题的时空复杂性,单一的水环境管理措施已不能满足实际管理的需要,为改善水环境有必要采取综合管理措施。文章以数字流域为基础,将流域内水系数据、地形数据、土地利用数据、社会经济及人口数据等进行融合,构建了水质综合管理决策支持系统,着重探讨了综合模型集成、动态空间数据与模型及管理之间的耦合关系问题;以深圳市石岩水库流域为例进行实证研究,构建了石岩水库流域管理决策支持系统,评价了旱季截污、产业结构调整、雨季截流等单个及组合措施的水质改善效果。结果表明该系统可以模拟多种措施的综合作用、动态的更新数据与模拟结果、并提供可视化的空间决策信息,是复杂流域水质动态综合管理与空间决策支持的有效工具。     

稻田养鱼的生态防灾机制与效益分析—以湖南为例

以湖南为例从分散蓄水与扩容蓄水、即时蓄水与重复蓄水、分级截流与设阻截流等角度,分析了稻田养鱼的生态防灾机制,得出湖南宜鱼稻田87.0万hm^2,以蓄水30cm计算可蓄存107.9亿m^3。通过重复蓄水、设阻蓄水,接纳多次降雨洪水,调节水分时空分布,创造减灾避灾的人工生态防灾系统,形成多物种共生共存的农田湿地生态系统,提高农田生态经济效益。     

免水型生态厕所于旅游景区的应用研究

分析旅游厕所存在的问题,提出使用免水生物处理制肥型生态厕所的想法.开展实验研究,进行可行性分析,讨论了免水生物处理制肥型生态厕所在景区的具体适用情况,证明其前景是光明的,具有可持续发展性.