基于FDS的高校宿舍火灾数值模拟

采用美国国家标准和美国技术研究院(NIST)开发的FDS软件,建立了高校宿舍火灾模型,对宿舍火灾进行全尺寸模拟,通过模拟试验给出了火灾发生过程中烟气运动、温度变化和氧气浓度变化的规律.     

Competitive and cooperative adsorption of arsenate and citrate on goethite

The fate of arsenic in natural environments is influenced by adsorption onto metal (hydr)oxides. The extent of arsenic adsorption is strongly a ected by coexisting dissolved natural organic acids. Recently, some studies reported that there existed competitive adsorption between arsenate and citrate on goethite. Humic acid is known to interact strongly with arsenate by forming complexes in aqueous solution, hence it is necessary to undertake a comprehensive study of the adsorption of arsenate/citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another. The results showed that at the arsenate concentrations used in this study (0.006–0.27 mmol/L), citrate decreased arsenate adsorption at acidic pH but no e ect was observed at alkaline pH. In comparison, citrate adsorption was inhibited at acidic pH, but enhanced at alkaline pH by arsenate. This was probably due to the formation of complex between arsenate and citrate like the case of arsenate with humic acid. These results implied that the mechanism of the adsorption of arsenate and citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another involved not only competition for binding sites, but the cooperation between the two species at the watergoethite interface as well.     

Seasonal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in Xiaojiang River—A tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir

A yearlong monitoring program in the backwater area of Xiaojiang River (XBA) was launched in order to investigate the eutrophication of backwater areas in tributaries of the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China, starting after the impoundment water level of the TGR reached 156 m. From March 2007 to March 2008, the average concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were (1553±484) μg·L⁻¹ and (62±31) μg·L⁻¹, respectively. The mean value of chlorophyll was (9.07±0.91) μg·L⁻¹. The trophic level of XBA was meso-eutrophic, while the general nutrient limitation was phosphorus. The results indicated that XBA has a strong ability to purify itself and has non-point source pollution from terrestrial runoff. The variation of TN/TP ratio was caused by a variation in TN rather than in TP when TN/TP < 22. N-fixation from cyanobacteria occurred and became an important process in overcoming the nitrogen deficit under a low TN/TP ratio. When TN/TP ⩾ 22, the variation of TP affected the TN/TP ratio more significantly than TN. The increase of TP in XBA was caused mainly by particulate phosphorus, which could originate from a non-point source as adsorptive inorganic forms after heavy rainfall and surface runoff. An increase in the river’s flow could also contribute to an unstable environment for the growth of phytoplankton.     

基于数字流域的水质综合管理决策支持系统——以深圳石岩水库流域为例

鉴于城市化地区水环境问题的时空复杂性,单一的水环境管理措施已不能满足实际管理的需要,为改善水环境有必要采取综合管理措施。文章以数字流域为基础,将流域内水系数据、地形数据、土地利用数据、社会经济及人口数据等进行融合,构建了水质综合管理决策支持系统,着重探讨了综合模型集成、动态空间数据与模型及管理之间的耦合关系问题;以深圳市石岩水库流域为例进行实证研究,构建了石岩水库流域管理决策支持系统,评价了旱季截污、产业结构调整、雨季截流等单个及组合措施的水质改善效果。结果表明该系统可以模拟多种措施的综合作用、动态的更新数据与模拟结果、并提供可视化的空间决策信息,是复杂流域水质动态综合管理与空间决策支持的有效工具。     

土壤阳离子交换量的测定方法

土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)的测定具有分析步骤繁琐、分析周期长等特点,为了提高分析效率,缩短分析周期,我们做了一系列的条件试验,目的是为了加快样品的分析速度,保证样品分析质量。     

水泥行业环境影响评价中清洁生产分析方法

在建设项目环境影响评价工作中,应重视清洁生产原则的专题分析,文章结合水泥厂的环境影响评价,对在环境影响评价报告书中清洁生产分几个步骤分析加以探讨,并说明在环评报告中如何进行清洁生产分析。     

免水型生态厕所于旅游景区的应用研究

分析旅游厕所存在的问题,提出使用免水生物处理制肥型生态厕所的想法.开展实验研究,进行可行性分析,讨论了免水生物处理制肥型生态厕所在景区的具体适用情况,证明其前景是光明的,具有可持续发展性.     

聚丙烯酰胺聚合物互穿网络凝胶在透明防火玻璃中的应用*

为提高聚丙烯酰胺类透明凝胶材料的耐候性能,分别将丙烯酰胺与聚乙二醇2000、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸3种聚合物复配,构建聚合物互穿网络体系,然后与交联剂、阻燃剂和引发剂等共混制备透明防火凝胶并应用于灌浆型防火玻璃。研究结果表明:聚合物互穿网络结构能增强透明防火凝胶的热稳定性、耐火性和耐候性,但略微降低了凝胶体系透光率;3种聚合物互穿网络体系透明防火凝胶的综合性能排序为:聚丙烯酰胺-聚乙二醇2000体系＞聚丙烯酰胺-甲基丙烯酸共聚物＞聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物;相比于聚丙烯酰胺凝胶防火玻璃,聚丙烯酰胺-聚乙二醇2000互穿网络凝胶防火玻璃经50 kW/m2辐射功率加热3 600 s后,背面平衡温度降低约39.0%。研究结果拟为高性能阻燃透明防火玻璃的制备和应用提供理论参考和技术借鉴。     

分光光度法快速测定废水COD的改进

利用HACH公司的45600型COD反应器，用自制药剂替代HACH的专用药剂，能满足日常废水监测分析的COD快速测定。该方法测定COD的稳定吸收波长为600nm，平行样相对标准偏差小于等于8．5％(n=5)，加标回收率为95％～106％，与标准方法相比无明显差异。     

某矿斜井跑车伤害事故分析及对策

利用事故树对某矿斜井运输中的跑车伤害事故进行了分析,并提出了相应的隐患整改措施和标准化作业程序。