不同等级石漠化综合治理的小气候效应——以贵州省花江峡谷为例

对贵州省花江峡谷区12个石漠化样地小气候进行观测和研究。结果表明,随着石漠化综合治理时间延长,植被结构得到改善,小气候效应逐渐凸现:不同等级石漠化样地林下平均气温及土壤温度在湿热季节得到有效降低,而在干冷季节略显升高;空气相对湿度在年际同期水平显著提高;林下光照强度逐渐减弱。生态系统结构的改善,使得系统开放性降低,能量散失减少,生态环境朝着良性有序方向发展。     

低光低温联合作用对铜绿微囊藻复苏能力的影响

运用正交实验设计方法研究了低温低光联合作用对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB 905,以下称905)生长与光合活性的影响.采用比色法测定了铜绿微囊藻细胞叶绿素、类胡萝卜素的含量及组成比例,同时使用植物效率分析仪(Water-PAM)测定了905细胞的光合活性,并通过回复培养验证了其光合作用回复的能力.结果表明,相对于正常培养条件,低温低光对M.aeruginosa的生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,在9℃各处理组中,M.aeruginosa基本无法生长,因此可推测905细胞生长的温度阈值应高于9℃.在12℃各处理组中,光强为影响905细胞生长的主要因子,12℃、100 lx能促进其初期的生长,据此推测这一条件可能为微囊藻复苏的起始条件.15℃、100 lx处理组中,藻生长最快,生物量(以叶绿素a计)最大值为0.88 mg/L左右,分别为其他处理组的2～17倍;并且在15℃各处理组中,905细胞在"微光"(100 lx)处理组中叶绿素含量,电子传递速率及最大光量子产量均高于"低光"(500 lx)处理组,显示出相对于"低光"条件,铜绿微囊藻对"微光"的适应性更强.而回复培养的数据显示,9℃和12℃处理组样品在5 d内能迅速恢复其生长与光合活性,并最终与15℃处理组样品同样,荧光量子产量最终保持在0.55～0.6左右,并能稳定生长.研究结果对揭示铜绿微囊藻对湖泊底泥中越冬环境条件的耐受阈值及复苏的起始条件有重要意义.     

Advances in photocatalytic disinfection of bacteria: Development of photocatalysts and mechanisms

Photocatalysis has attracted worldwide attention due to its potential in solar energy conversion. As a “green” advanced oxidation technology, it has been extensively used for water disinfection and wastewater treatment. This article provides a review of the recent progress in solar energy-induced photocatalytic disinfection of bacteria, focusing on the development of highly efficient photocatalysts and their underlying mechanisms in bacterial inactivation. The photocatalysts are classified into TiO₂-based and non-TiO₂-based systems, as TiO₂ is the most investigated photocatalyst. The synthesis methods, modification strategies, bacterial disinfection activities and mechanisms of different types of photocatalysts are reviewed in detail. Emphasis is given to the modified TiO₂, including noble metal deposition, non-metal doping, dye sensitization and composite TiO₂, along with typical non-TiO₂-based photocatalysts for bacterial disinfection, including metal oxides, sulfides, bismuth metallates, graphene-based photocatalysts, carbon nitride-based photocatalysts and natural photocatalysts. A simple and versatile methodology by using a partition system combined with scavenging study is introduced to study the photocatalytic disinfection mechanisms in different photocatalytic systems. This review summarizes the current state of the work on photocatalytic disinfection of bacteria, and is expected to offer useful insights for the future development in the field.     

Enhancement of the polynomial functions response surface model for real-time analyzing ozone sensitivity

• The calculation process and algorithm of response surface model (RSM) were enhanced. • The prediction errors of RSM in the margin and transition areas were greatly reduced. • The enhanced RSM was able to analyze O₃-NO_x-VOC sensitivity in real-time. • The O₃ formations were mainly sensitive to VOC, for the two case study regions. Quantification of the nonlinearities between ambient ozone (O₃) and the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and volatile organic compound (VOC) is a prerequisite for an effective O₃ control strategy. An Enhanced polynomial functions Response Surface Model (Epf-RSM) with the capability to analyze O₃-NO_x-VOC sensitivities in real time was developed by integrating the hill-climbing adaptive method into the optimized Extended Response Surface Model (ERSM) system. The Epf-RSM could single out the best suited polynomial function for each grid cell to quantify the responses of O₃ concentrations to precursor emission changes. Several comparisons between Epf-RSM and pf-ERSM (polynomial functions based ERSM) were performed using out-of-sample validation, together with comparisons of the spatial distribution and the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach diagrams. The comparison results showed that Epf-RSM effectively addressed the drawbacks of pf-ERSM with respect to over-fitting in the margin areas and high biases in the transition areas. The O₃ concentrations predicted by Epf-RSM agreed well with Community Multi-scale Air Quality simulation results. The case study results in the Pearl River Delta and the north-western area of the Shandong province indicated that the O₃ formations in the central areas of both the regions were more sensitive to anthropogenic VOC in January, April, and October, while more NO_x-sensitive in July.     

含油废水异质结微通道分离机理及实验

石油炼制废水等石化行业含油废水普遍存在油分与悬浮物高度复合、油分乳化且水质剧烈波动等特征,其达标处理成为关乎企业绿色发展与产能拓展的关键因素。针对含油废水分离资源化需求,采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、四氢呋喃(THF)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、固化剂等配制涂敷剂,通过喷涂石英砂制备了改性颗粒,并混合常规石英砂构建了异质结颗粒群,由此开发出异质结微通道沸腾床分离实验装置,考察了其对复合污染乳化废水中污染物的分离效果。结果表明：涂覆改性颗粒的接触角明显增加,且改性颗粒与油滴接触的微界面动态识别过程表明其较原始石英砂的疏油性显著增加;异质结颗粒群经过撕裂、剥离和聚并过程,将乳化液中10μm以下的细小油滴有效聚结并确保废水油分去除率超过92%。针对油分和悬浮物质量浓度不超过50 000 mg·L^-1的实际石化废水,现场10 m3·h^-1规模的异质结微通道沸腾床侧线实验结果表明,在常规工况和波动工况条件下,其出水平均油分质量浓度分别为11.4 mg·L^-1和18.2 mg·L^-1,悬浮物质量浓度则分别...     

凤眼莲对富营养化水体硝化、反硝化脱氮释放N2O的影响

以往有关大型水生漂浮植物消减富营养化水体氮(N)的研究主要侧重于植物对N的吸收效果,而忽略了硝化、反硝化反应途径对水体脱氮的贡献.基于此,本研究中借助具创新性的收集凤眼莲种植水体释放N₂O的装置和方法,通过模拟实验研究了凤眼莲对富营养化水体硝化、反硝化脱氮中间产物N₂O的影响.结果表明,凤眼莲可以促进富营养化水体的硝化、反硝化、成对硝化-反硝化反应过程,在本实验条件下凤眼莲种植水体在整个培养期内释放的N₂O气体浓度累积升高幅度较大,为453~4055 nL·L^-1(未加硝化抑制剂处理),通过释放N₂O而脱除氮素的量占整个水体N消减量的1.36%,为相应未种植凤眼莲水体的4.31倍.种植凤眼莲水体试验期间释放N₂O-N的量与水体氨态氮或硝态氮浓度的变化量均存在显著相关关系(p<0.05),说明N₂O释放量受到水体中NH₄⁺、NO₃^-浓度变化的影响.种植凤眼莲在实验中后期可以增加水体中硝化、反硝化细菌的数量,但其数量远低于凤眼莲根系附着的硝化反硝化细菌.水体中反硝化细菌数量与水体释放N₂O浓度之间并无显著相关性,说明种植凤眼莲水体反硝化脱氮释放N₂O过程可能主要是由根系共生微生物驱动的.     

Comparison of hydrolysis/coagulation behavior of polymeric and monomeric iron coagulants in humic acid solution

Fluorescence quenching is commonly used to study the extent of metal binding to humic acid or fulvic acid. By studying this phenomenon, the hydrolysis and precipitation behaviors of polymeric and monomeric iron coagulants in the coagulation of humic acid were evaluated. Combined measurements of fluorescence intensity and dissolved organic carbon were performed to distinguish the hydrolysis and organic matter binding of polymeric and monomeric iron salts in coagulating high molecular weight organic compounds. Experimental results showed that ferric chloride had lower fluorescence quenching than polyferric sulfate (PFS), indicating more rapid hydrolysis of the monomeric ferric ion in the coagulation and dilution process. The less fluorescence quenching was caused by the lower residual concentration of Fe-humic acid complexes in the filtrate. There was no clear difference in adsorption ability and fluorescence quenching, which indicated that the physical and chemical properties of Fe(OH)3 flocs formed from PFS and FeCl3 coagulation were similar. From the pH study, we found that sludge formed from PFS coagulation was more stable than that from FeCl3 coagulation.     

Correction to: Numerical analysis of an 80,000 Nm3/h fly ash entrained-flow gasifier at various burner inclination angles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

Numerical analysis of an 80,000 Nm3/h fly ash entrained-flow gasifier at various burner inclination angles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The raw syngas effluent from a fluidized bed gasifier typically contains a large amount of fly ash having a high concentration of carbon, which is...     

Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) for climate-smart agriculture practices: a comprehensive review on release mechanism,materials, methods of preparation,and effect on environmental parameters

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fertilizers play an essential role in increasing crop yield, maintaining soil fertility, and provide a steady supply of nutrients for plant...