日本关东冬季飘尘酸度及其对酸雨形成的影响

利用微量酸碱滴定方法测定日本关东地区冬季高浓度飘尘的酸度,估算了飘尘对酸性降水的缓冲能力,并对飘尘水溶性离子组成进行了分析。结果发现：该地区飘尘的酸性很强,H⁺浓度在24neq/m³以上,是我国北方城市飘尘的几千倍,这表示该地区大气环境已严重酸化,可能是该地区酸雨形成的主要原因;飘尘的水溶性离子组成与我国飘尘截然不同,飘尘中cl^-浓度很高,SO₄^2-、NO₃^-的浓度也较高,说明飘尘主要来自人为源,NH₄⁺浓度则占全部阳离子80％以上,飘尘的这种组成也是非常特殊的。     

Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg对青海弧菌(Q67菌株)联合毒性作用的研究

采用等毒性混合法（equitoxicmixture）探讨了Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg对青海弧菌（Q67菌珠）的联合毒性作用。当两种金属作用时,Zn和Cd为拮抗作用,Cu和Zn为加和作用,Cu和Cd、Cu和Hg、Zn和Hg、Cd和Hg均为协同作用。而当3种或4种金属同时作用时,联合毒性作用均趋向于加和作用,其机理还有待于进一步研究。     

徐州市主城区个人生态足迹空间变异性研究

为揭示徐州市主城区个人生态足迹的空间变异性并分析引起其空间变异的原因,采用问卷调查和克里格插值法对个人生态足迹及其组分的空间分布进行了分析。结果表明:①徐州市主城区个人生态足迹分别是中国和全球个人生态足迹的1.48倍和1.18倍,其中商品服务足迹所占比例最大(51.1%),徐州市主城区处于弱不可持续发展状态;②经过实验半变异函数交叉验证,球状、指数和高斯模型可以较好模拟个人生态足迹及其组分的空间变异,其中,个人生态足迹、住宅足迹和商品服务足迹的块基比均小于25%,表现出强烈的空间相关性,碳足迹和食物足迹处于25%至75%之间,表现出中等空间相关性;③个人生态足迹、碳足迹、食物足迹和商品服务足迹总体上呈南高北低趋势,以市中心为峰值逐渐向周围递减,住宅足迹呈多峰值分布,最高值位于远离市中心的郊区。对个人生态足迹及其驱动因素进行空间相关分析,发现,调查对象的社会经济背景和空间特征对个人生态足迹及其组分的空间变异特征具有重要影响。     

广州市机动车尾气排放系数及污染趋势探讨

运用美国EPAMOBILE5尾气排放系数模式,结合广州市实际情况,进行了机动车排放系数的探讨,并据此预测了广州市机动车尾气排放浓度,估算了广州市机动车尾气排放在环境空气污染中所占的比例和所起的作用。对指导城市机动车污染排放控制提供了重要的参考依据。     

北京主要农业土壤和粮食作物中若干元素的背景值研究

本工作对北京主要农业土壤(褐土和潮土)和粮食作物(小麦、玉米和水稻)中的Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、F九种元素的背景值进行了研究.对北京的环境地理、采样、分析测定、土壤和作物测定的分布类型和区域间的差异性进行了探讨.所有测定值都用DJS-130型电子计算机进行统计处理。土壤和作物的背景值为正态分布时,用算术平均值及其标准差表示;为对数正态分布时,用几何平均值及其标准差表示.     

重金属离子对生物污泥活性的抑制

研究了工业废水中常见的Cd~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cr~(6+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)七种重金属离子对生物污泥的抑制作用。发现其抑制的机理各不相同,前五种为不可逆抑制,污泥经过洗涤,活性不易恢复,而后二种为可逆抑制,污泥洗涤后,活性能基本恢复。试验还发现,几种金属离子同时存在时,抑制性比单一金属离子强。金属离子会在污泥中积聚,因此,即使废水中浓度很低,长期接触也会使生物污泥活性降低。     

Metabolism of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine andN-phenyl-1-naphthylamine by rat hepaticmicrosomes and hepatocytes

The carcinogenic antioxidants,N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (P1NA)and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (P2NA) were examined in vitro for biotransformation by rat hepatic microsomes and in freshly isolated hepatocytes. HPLC-analysis of hepatocyte incubations with revealed that phenols were the major metabolites in both cases. P1NA formed one phenolic metabolite only, while incubation with P2NA yielded two phenols identified as 6-hydroxy-P2NA and 4'-hydroxy-P2NA by cochromatography with authentic samples. β-naphthylamine, a metabolite indicating dephenylation of P2NA was not detectable.Metabolism studies with microsomes revealed that the phenols were formed by cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenases. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene both increased the rate of microsomal metabolism of P1NA and P2NA, indicating that more than one P-450 enzyme mediate the oxygenation reaction. Animal pretreatment with single and repeated doses of P1NA and P2NA did not markedly stimulate metabolism, b     

Determination of trace amounts of chlorinated insecticides and fungicides in ginseng using capillary gas chromatography and ~(63)Ni electron capture detector

A method for the simultaneous determination of a series of chlorinated insecticides and fungicides as residues in ginseng is presented in this article. Pulverized samples are subjected to Soxhlet extraction with acetone-petroleum ether and the extract is partitioned between petroleum ether and aqueous sodium sulfate solution (2:98). The combined petroleum ether phase is cleaned up by sulfuric acid and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using 63Ni electron capture detector. Recoveries from the different concentrations for 11 kinds of chlorinated insecticides and fungicides are between 92.40 and 103.7% with coefficients of variations ranged 1.22 and 9.53% without samples, and between 89.00% and 104.10% with coefficients of variations between 1.16% and 9.16% with samples. The detection limits are 0.2- 7.0 ng/kg.     

黄原胶对水中铅离子吸附性能研究

作为生物大分子吸附剂,黄原胶具有吸附重金属离子的结构优势。该文主要研究了黄原胶对常见重金属Pb2+的吸附性能,并重点考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值2、温度、黄原胶浓度对吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明:吸附时间取30 min为宜;溶液的pH值在6.8~8.5之间时,黄原胶对Pb2+的去除率较高;适宜的吸附Pb2+温度为35℃;适宜的黄原胶用量为0.8 g/L。在此条件下,黄原胶对Pb2+的去除率达到80%以上。     

Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of Chinese mainland

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.