论山风对重庆雾形成和发展的作用

本文着重分析了通过市中区、长江和嘉陵江剖面上的系留气艇探空资料,研究了浓雾生消过程中剖面上各气象要素场的连续变化.结果表明,山风、城市热岛和两江水面对雾的形成和发展起着重要作用.     

Relative sensitivities of woody plants to acid deposition in south areas of China

Relative sensitivities of 30 species of common woody plants to simulated acid rain with pH values of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.5 and control were studied. The results showed that 6 species of these plants were sensitive to simulated acid rain. The moderate included 18 species. The resistant included 6. Relative sensitivities to ambient acid rain and air pollutants and visible injury degree of 30 species of common woody plants in Chongqing City were investigated. Results showed that 6 species with foliage lesion rate at above 10 percent were sensitive, that 6 species with no lesion were resistant and that other 18 species with lesion at 10 percent below were moderate. Other 7 cities (Guiyang, Zunyi, Duyun, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Liuzhou and Guilin City) were also investigated and results were consistent with those of Chongqing City. The experimental and investigated results showed relative sensitivities and visible injury degree of woody plants to simulated acid rain were consistent with those of the woody plant     

The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite in presence of collagens

The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP) seeds in presence of the abnormal collagen secreted by the chondrocyte grown in media containing free radical sources or fulvic acid and the type II collagen (pig cartilage) damaged by · OH and fulvic acid(FA) from potable water in endemic region of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) was studied. The results showed that in the former case, the abnormal collagen rich in type I collagen promoted mineralization in contrast with the type n collagen. The oxidatively damaged type II collagen became less inhibitive or even promotive. In all cases, the reaction followed a second order kinetics. The powder X-diffraction analysis and SEM observation indicated that the damaged type II collagen lowers the crystalinity in the beginning and made the final crystal more agglomerated. All the results showed that the abnormal and the damaged cartilage matrix affected the bimineralization and was likely to have played an important role in the development of KBD.     

用增量网格法对空心复合挤压的实验研究

用增量网格法对带内孔坯复合挤压的载荷、上下通道流出量、金属内部应力应变分布情况进行实验分析,并分析内孔直径和凹模锥角等参数的影响,对设计模具与选择成形设备有指导意义.文中还阐述这种实验方法的实施过程和功能,指出这是一种研究成形问题的有效手段.     

电子式汽车转速表机芯零件——极环的成形工艺及经济性分析

分析了电子式汽车仪表转速表机芯关键零件之一极环的成形工艺及经济性,并把设计该零件模具的几种设想作对比,得到既经济,效率又高的零件成形工艺.     

环保科研如何走向市场

论述了环保科研要适应市场经济的需要,转变观念,走向市场,并由市场来引导科研的几点措施和途径。提出了要制定有关政策,为环保科研走向市场创造良好的内外部环境和必要条件,促使环保科研成果更快地转化为生产力,并产生效益,来增强环保科研本身的活力。     

Effects of acid rain on forest ecosystem in Southwestern China

The study of effects of acid rain in Southwestern China on forest ecosystems .has been inrestigated since 1984. The results have shown that the ecosystem of Pinus massoniana forest has been damaged severely by acid rain. Comparing the areas where the annual mean pH value is lower than 4.5 with that higher than 4.5, the productivity of the ecosystems decreased 50 percent. Both the percentages of the green leaves and the content of chlorophyll cut down; the acidity of soil increased a bit and the fertility showed the tendency to lower. The microbial population components in surface soil were changed and the total number of soil microbes reduced from 63.5 to 92.6 percent. Besides the direct effects of acid rain, the insect pest, especially, Blastophagus piniperdoz and Monochamus galloprovincialis, seized the opportunity to enter and reproduce in it so as to aggravate the forest dieback of P.massoniana in the areas where the annual average pH value is lower than 4.5.Additionally, the simulation study on the     

Use of Azotobacter sp.as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils

A physiological strain of microorganism - Azotobacter sp. has been adopted as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of heavy metals to which Azotobacter sp. was behaving initially to have the resistance to heavy metals is defined as the critical poisoning concentration. The method of physiological threshold adopted can have a quantitative determination with reproducible results. The determined critical poisoning concentration is basically consistent with the results of heavy metals and arsenic toxicities to the bacteria reported recently in literatures. Total 9 typical soils, including 6 zonal soils and 3 purple soils, in the whole country were determined for the toxicities of 5 heavy metals and arsenic to Azotobacter sp. that resulted in 48 critical poisoning concentrations.     

Secondary effect of SO_2 pollution: enhanced growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of SO2 pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO2 levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-top fumigation devices. Larval period shortened while their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) increased as SO2 dose elevated. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet excluded the possibility that SO2 pollution directly stimulated growth of the army worm.The patterns of change in amino acid hydrolysates in the host foliage suggested that contents of methionine, and perhaps, arginine in food material exposed to unpolluted air were at such levels that they could only support sub-optimum growth of the insect, and SO2 pollution increased concentrations of these limiting amino acids, resulting in better performance of the larvae.     

开发区环境影响评价中产业结构、工业布局问题探讨

通过对各工业行业污染源调查数据分析，讨论了各行业污染轻重及特征，以及各行业内部的产业结构及污染情况，提出促进开发区的经济可持续发展和产业链循环经济发展的措施。