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991.
Hélène Duval Laurence Michel-Calemard Marie Gonzales Philippe Loget Claire Beneteau Annie Buenerd Madeleine Joubert Marielee Denis-Musquer Alix Clemenson Anne-Laure Chesnais Sophie Blesson Isabelle De Pinieux Anne-Lise Delezoide Gheorghe Bonyhay Christine Bellanné-Chantelot Laurence Heidet Florence Dupré Sophie Collardeau-Frachon 《黑龙江环境通报》2016,36(8):744-751
992.
993.
Jan Deprest Marie-Paule Emonds Jute Richter Philip DeKoninck Tim Van Mieghem Dominique Van Schoubroeck Roland Devlieger Luc De Catte Liesbeth Lewi 《黑龙江环境通报》2011,31(7):661-666
With the increased use of invasive fetal procedures, the number of women facing post-procedure membrane rupture is increasing. Here we review the use of platelets and fresh frozen plasma for sealing iatrogenic fetal membrane defects by describing the mechanisms of action of the amniopatch procedure as well as published experience. In cases of iatrogenic preterm pre-labour rupture of the membranes, amniopatch effectively seals the fetal membranes in over two-thirds of cases. There is a risk of 16% of in utero fetal death, which may occur at varying intervals from the procedure and often for unknown reasons. Amniopatch has also been used as a treatment of chorionic membrane separation. In summary, current experience suggests that in cases of early onset but persistent amniotic fluid leakage following an invasive fetal procedure, amniopatch is an option. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
The social environment of many species includes synchronous maturation of siblings in family groups, followed by limited dispersal
of adults from their natal site. Under these conditions, females may experience high encounter rates with same-age siblings
during mate searching, increasing their risk of inbreeding. If inbreeding depression occurs, mating with a sibling is often
considered maladaptive; however, in some contexts, the inclusive fitness benefits of inbreeding may outweigh the costs, favoring
females that tolerate some level of inbreeding depression. We evaluated mating patterns in the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis, a semelparous species in which females encounter same-age siblings during mate searching. A female U. crassicornis that mates with a brother suffers from inbreeding depression. We used a free-choice mating design that offered females simultaneous
mating opportunities with three groups of males: siblings, same-age nonsiblings, and older nonsiblings. These groups represent
the types of males typically encountered by females during mate searching. Our goal was to assess whether mating patterns
were influenced by inbreeding avoidance by evaluating two hypotheses: kin discrimination and age-based mating (older males
cannot be siblings in this species). There was no difference in the proportions of females mating with siblings vs nonsiblings,
suggesting an absence of kin discrimination. However, females mated with a greater proportion of older vs younger males. Given
that females do not avoid siblings as mates despite a cost to inbreeding, our results provide a possible example of inbreeding
tolerance. We also discuss some factors that may have contributed to the mating advantage of older males. 相似文献
995.
996.
Large-scale patterns of shell variation in Littorina striata, a planktonic developing periwinkle from Macaronesia (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Littorina striata King and Broderip, 1832 is a strictly Macaronesian, intertidal periwinkle with planktonic development. The species displays
a high degree of shell variation involving size and sculpture (nodulose vs smooth shells). The present work provides a preliminary
account of some aspects of this shell variation on wave-exposed shores over the entire geographical range of the species.
Based on morphological patterns observed among other prosobranchs it was predicted that southern specimens of L. littorina should on the average be larger, heavier, more nodulose, and should show more shell repair marks, than northern specimens.
These expectations were confirmed for shell size and weight. In contrast, there was no consistent pattern in nodulosity between
archipelagos, even though there were differences at much smaller scales. Shell repair marks were more prevalent in northern
populations, but this trend was only due to a significant N–S difference among nodulose shells. This is surprising as nodulose
shells displayed significantly fewer shell repair marks than smooth shells. These observations were tentatively interpreted
as a function of presumed differential N–S patterns of wave action and ambient temperatures. In this context, wave action
in Macaronesia seems to increase in the south (contrary to what current theories predict). This atypical situation may confound
the interpretation of morphological patterns in L. striata so that firm conclusions cannot be drawn without further experimental work at different spatial scales. Nevertheless, it
seems that generalisations about macrogeographic shell morphology patterns, based on interspecific comparisons, are not directly
applicable to intraspecific patterns, and may strongly depend on local conditions which make adequate sampling and data treatment
very difficult.
Received: 10 September 1997 / Accepted: 15 January 1998 相似文献
997.
This paper focuses on the study of eleven environmental impact categories produced by several municipal solid waste management systems (scenarios) operating on a provincial scale in Southern Italy. In particular, the analysis takes into account 12 management scenarios with 16 management phases for each one. The only difference among ten of the scenarios (separated kerbside collection of all recyclables, glass excepted, composting of putrescibles, RDF pressed bales production and incineration, final landfilling) is the percentage of separated collection varying in the range of 35–80%, while the other two scenarios, for 80% of separate collection, consider different alternatives in the disposal of treatment residues (dry residue sorting and final landfilling or direct disposal in landfill). The potential impacts induced on the environmental components were analysed using the life cycle assessment (LCA) procedure called “WISARD” (Waste Integrated System Assessment for Recovery and Disposal). Paper recycling was the phase with the greatest influence on avoided impacts, while the collection logistics of dry residue was the phase with the greatest influence on produced impacts. For six impact categories (renewable and total energy use, water, suspended solids and oxydable matters index, eutrophication and hazardous waste production), for high percentages of separate collection a management system based on recovery and recycling but without incineration would be preferable. 相似文献
998.
999.
A. C. Engels L. Joyeux C. Brantner B. De Keersmaecker L. De Catte D. Baud J. Deprest T. Van Mieghem 《黑龙江环境通报》2016,36(3):266-273
The fetal central nervous system can already be examined in the first trimester of pregnancy. Acrania, alobar holoprosencephaly, cephaloceles, and spina bifida can confidently be diagnosed at that stage and should actively be looked for in every fetus undergoing first-trimester ultrasound. For some other conditions, such as vermian anomalies and agenesis of the corpus callosum, markers have been identified, but the diagnosis can only be confirmed in the second trimester of gestation. For these conditions, data on sensitivity and more importantly specificity and false positives are lacking, and one should therefore be aware not to falsely reassure or scare expecting parents based on first-trimester findings. This review summarizes the current knowledge of first-trimester neurosonography in the normal and abnormal fetus and gives an overview of which diseases can be diagnosed. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
1000.
The paper is about the accurate (i.e. unbiased and precise) and efficient estimation of structural indices in forest stands. We present SIAFOR, a computer programme for the calculation of four nearest-neighbour indices, which describe the spatial arrangement of tree positions, the distribution pattern of species, and the size differentiation between trees. The study uses SIAFOR as a sampling simulator in eight completely stem-mapped forest stands of varying area and structural complexity. We statistically evaluate two sample types (distance and plot sampling), comparing sampling error, bias and minimum sample size for index estimation. We introduce the concepts of measurement expansion factor (MEF) and design expansion factor (DEF) for the technical evaluation of sample type efficiency (optimal sample type). Results indicate that sampling error can reach high levels and that minimum sample sizes for index estimation often amply exceed the limit of 20% of tree density or 20 trees per species per hectare, that we set as the highest feasible sample size in normal situations. We found clear feasibility limits (in terms of minimal tree densities and reachable accuracy levels) for the estimation of all investigated indices. Generally, equal or higher sample sizes are needed for plot sampling than for distance sampling to reach equal accuracy levels. Nevertheless, plot sampling resulted more efficient for the estimation of tree size differentiation at low to medium accuracy levels. For all other investigated indices distance sampling resulted more efficient than plot sampling. Minimum sample size increases with accuracy and is negatively correlated with tree density. At a given accuracy level minimum sample size is highest for the estimation of relative mingling and lowest for tree size differentiation; furthermore it is generally lower in large stands than in small ones. Because of the consistency of our conclusions in all of the investigated stands, we think they apply in most stands of similar area (between 1 and 10 ha) and species diversity (not more than four species). 相似文献