区域土地利用类型的胁迫转换与优化配置——以三峡库区为例

三峡大坝蓄水淹没土地、库区移民安置和新城及工矿迁建等带来了库区土地利用结构与布局的巨大变化。为此,如何构建符合景观生态学原理和可持续发展准则的宏观土地利用类型新格局,不仅是近10年内百万移民安置和生产布局的重点,而且关系到库区未来经济、社会与资源、环境的协调和可持续发展。论文分析了在土地淹没与置换的胁迫条件下,库区土地资源类型转换的方式与过程;从要素控制、地段设计到系统模式优化的不同层次,提出了库区土地生态设计模式与措施;并从产业协调发展的角度,提出了库区土地利用优化配置的方案。     

Using nighttime light data to estimate water evaporation inside buildings in China's urban areas

Urbanization has a great impact on urban evapotranspiration. Water evaporation inside buildings is an important part of urban water vapor resources and a crucial core of urban hydrological processes. The systematic studies on building water evaporation (BWE) are mostly the method of experimental monitoring. This study proposed a new method to simulate and estimate water evaporation flux inside buildings in urban areas. Based on the nighttime light data and urban per capita gross domestic product (GDP), a new modeling system was built to simulate the total BWE. Building area was calculated using the nighttime light data. And the BWE coefficient D_f was estimated according to the important indicator of economic development per capita GDP value. Then the water evaporation inside urban buildings and the spatial distribution of water evaporation inside buildings in typical cities could be obtained. The results showed that the total amount of water evaporation inside buildings in China's urban areas was 24.5 billion m³. Among the 31 provincial capitals in China, Shanghai had the largest BWE of 1.08 billion m³. The minimum water evaporation of buildings in Lhasa was 20.0 million m³. Studies of BWE can assess urban water budgets, support on-demand allocation of water resources, and provide a fundamental understanding of the relationship between water resources and energy heat island effects in urban areas.     

Prenatal diagnosis of holoprosencephaly in two fetuses with der (7)t(1;7)(q32;q32)pat inherited from the father with double translocations

The presence of two independent translocations in one person is rare. Herein, we report the prenatal diagnosis of two sibling fetuses with holoprosencephaly, whose father is a carrier of double translocations. The karyotype of the father is 46,XY, t(1;7) (q32;q32), t(14,15) (q32.1;q26.3). The two fetuses had variable facial dysmorphisms and identical cytogenetic abnormality—a derivative (7) t(1;7) (q32;q32) inherited from the father. The proband 1 showed a small mouth, a single median eye and a proboscis above the eye, while the proband 2 showed hypotelorism, a flat nose, cleft lip and cleft palate. Both fetuses also had alobar holoprosencephaly. Haploinsufficiency of the sonic hedgehog gene at 7q36 does account for the occurrence of holoprosencephaly in the two fetuses with a deletion of distal 7q (7q32 → qter). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

耐高浓度沼液产油小球藻的分离鉴定与特征分析

本研究从长期在空气中放置的沼液中分离得到1株可以耐受高浓度沼液的藻株,经形态和分子生物学方法鉴定为小球藻属的一种,命名为Chlorella sp.BWY-1.本研究所用的沼液来自于以固液分离后的猪场废水为发酵原料的沼气工程.与普通小球藻Chlorella regularis(FACHB-729)的对比研究表明,Chlorella sp.BWY-1在BG11和不同浓度的沼液中都有相对较强的生长速率、生物量积累能力和氮磷等污染物去除能力.Chlorella sp.BWY-1在BG11中有最高的生长速率和生物量生产力(324.40 mg·L-1,以dw计),但是其含油量和油脂生产力随着沼液浓度的增加而增加.在未稀释的沼液中Chlorella sp.BWY-1的含油量可达44.43%,油脂生产力达108.70 mg·L-1.分析结果表明该藻株在养殖废水处理和生物能源方面具有一定的应用潜力,可以结合固液分离、厌氧发酵等其他技术用于养殖场废水的处理和生物柴油的制取.     

皖南-浙西-赣东北地区锰矿资源及潜力预测

本文从锰矿成矿地质背景，矿床类型及地质特征，成矿带及潜力预测，勘查程度及利用现状等方面皖赣相邻区锰矿资源，讨论了该区锰矿勘查工作远景及重要性。     

水分对煤中瓦斯放散初速度影响研究

为了研究水分对煤中瓦斯放散初速度的影响,对水分含量分别为3%,5%及7%的不同粒径的煤样进行了测定,绘制了不同粒径煤中瓦斯放散初速度随水分变化的曲线图,并从煤对瓦斯的吸附、解吸特性及渗透率等方面深入全面地分析了产生该曲线变化趋势的原因。     

基于GMM模型的煤矿顶板事故致死人数预测

为了解决目前常用预测模型对随机波动性较大数据预测精度偏低的问题,文章在灰色预测GM(1,1)的基础上引入马尔可夫状态转移矩阵,建立了灰色马尔可夫预测模型(GMM),并将该法运用到煤矿顶板致死人数的预测中。经计算GMM模型的预测平均相对误差为1.181%,最大相对误差3.426%,与GM(1,1)法相比,后者精度分别提高了21倍和13倍。     

基于WRF-Chem模拟验证的天水市主城区大气污染源排放清单

通过部门调研、现场调查和遥感解译等方法获取天水市主城区大气污染源活动水平数据,采用排放因子法估算了天水市主城区 10类污染源的9种污染物排放量,构建了2019年天水市主城区高分辨率排放清单,并采用横向比较法和模式验证法评估了排放清单的合理性.结果表明:(1)2019年天水市主城区 SO2、NOx、CO、VOCs、NH3...     

碳源投加方式对低C/N污水脱氮除磷性能及菌群结构影响

为揭示碳源投加方式对低碳污水氮磷去除影响,采用A2/O系统处理模拟低C/N(C/N为2.0~4.0)污水,分别在污泥回流池、进水端投加碳源,对比研究2种方式条件下的系统氮磷污染物去除效果及微生物菌群结构特点。结果表明:与传统进水端投加碳源方式(阶段Ⅳ)相比,在污泥回流池投加等量碳源(阶段Ⅲ),有利于实现更佳的脱氮除磷效果。阶段Ⅲ的TN、TP去除率分别为54.5%、63.9%,高于阶段Ⅳ的氮、磷去除率(TN和TP去除率分别为44.9%、21.7%)。高通量测序结果表明:2种碳源投加方式均改变了微生物菌群丰富度和多样性,且在污泥回流池投加碳源更有利于优势菌群的富集,该阶段红游动菌属(Rhodoplanes,2.3%)、脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas,1.6%)及生丝菌属(Hyphomicrobium,1.4%)为优势菌属,其比例均高于阶段Ⅳ。     

清洁生产思想在MBR膜污染控制中的应用

膜污染是限制膜生物反应器大规模应用的关键所在，本文试图将现代清洁生产的思想应用到膜污染控制之中。采取从源头控制、过程控制以及末端治理相结合的全过程控制方法，最大限度地减缓膜污染，从而加快MBR在实际工程中的应用。