西安郊区泾河秋、冬季大气黑碳变化及粒径特征

利用西安郊区泾河大气成分站ρ(BC)(BC为黑碳)、粒子数浓度资料和观象台自动站、探空站数据,对西安郊区秋、冬季ρ(BC)变化特征、粒径分布特征和变化原因进行了分析.结果表明:①泾河郊区ρ(BC)比城区的低.城区ρ(BC)日变化呈三峰特征,峰值分别出现在凌晨02:00、清晨07:00和傍晚20:00,分别为17.0、12.5和21.5 μg/m3.泾河郊区ρ(BC)日变化呈双峰特征,峰值出现在上午09:00和晚上23:00,数值分别为5.5和6.1μg/m3;谷值出现在清晨06:00和下午16:00,数值分别为4.9和2.6μg/m3.②ρ(BC)与不同粒径颗粒物数浓度关系不同,其中与粒径＜4.0 μm粒子的数浓度成正比,与粒径≥4.0 μm粒子(如沙尘)的数浓度成反比;波长指数分析表明,沙尘可致ρ(BC)实测值偏大.③ρ(BC)与近地面逆温强度有密切相关性,R(相关系数)达到0.412 5(P ＜0.000 1);风速小于1.5 m/s时BC易堆积,大于1.5 m/s时则相反;连续降水对BC清除效果显著.     

Prenatal diagnosis of holoprosencephaly in two fetuses with der (7)t(1;7)(q32;q32)pat inherited from the father with double translocations

The presence of two independent translocations in one person is rare. Herein, we report the prenatal diagnosis of two sibling fetuses with holoprosencephaly, whose father is a carrier of double translocations. The karyotype of the father is 46,XY, t(1;7) (q32;q32), t(14,15) (q32.1;q26.3). The two fetuses had variable facial dysmorphisms and identical cytogenetic abnormality—a derivative (7) t(1;7) (q32;q32) inherited from the father. The proband 1 showed a small mouth, a single median eye and a proboscis above the eye, while the proband 2 showed hypotelorism, a flat nose, cleft lip and cleft palate. Both fetuses also had alobar holoprosencephaly. Haploinsufficiency of the sonic hedgehog gene at 7q36 does account for the occurrence of holoprosencephaly in the two fetuses with a deletion of distal 7q (7q32 → qter). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heterogenous impacts of components in urban energy metabolism: evidences from gravity model

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The undergoing rapid urbanization is bringing dramatic economic development and social improvement for cities, but also a series of problems associated...     

水分对煤中瓦斯放散初速度影响研究

为了研究水分对煤中瓦斯放散初速度的影响,对水分含量分别为3%,5%及7%的不同粒径的煤样进行了测定,绘制了不同粒径煤中瓦斯放散初速度随水分变化的曲线图,并从煤对瓦斯的吸附、解吸特性及渗透率等方面深入全面地分析了产生该曲线变化趋势的原因。     

基于GMM模型的煤矿顶板事故致死人数预测

为了解决目前常用预测模型对随机波动性较大数据预测精度偏低的问题,文章在灰色预测GM(1,1)的基础上引入马尔可夫状态转移矩阵,建立了灰色马尔可夫预测模型(GMM),并将该法运用到煤矿顶板致死人数的预测中。经计算GMM模型的预测平均相对误差为1.181%,最大相对误差3.426%,与GM(1,1)法相比,后者精度分别提高了21倍和13倍。     

Development of Emission Factors for Polyamide Processing

ABSTRACT

Emission factors for selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate material were developed during processing of commercial grades of polyamide 6, polyamide 66, and polyamide 66/6 resins. A small commercial-type extruder was used, and melt temperatures ranged from 475 to 550 °F. An emission factor was calculated for each substance measured and is reported as pounds released to the atmosphere per million pounds of polymer resin processed. Scaled to production volumes, these emission factors can be used by processors to estimate emission quantities from similar polyamide extrusion operations.     

A real-time warning model for teamwork performance and system safety in nuclear power plants

In order to increase system safety and team performance, this study aimed to develop a real-time warning model (RTWM) by assessing team response time, error rates, and mental workload. Toward this goal, the group method of data handling (GMDH) algorithm was applied to physiological indices to predict team performance. Then fuzzy logic, fuzzy inference and linguistic variable sets representing the Team Performance and Safety Index were applied to construct the RTWM. To model the RTWM, experiments were conducted on computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) in the personal computer transient analyzer (PCTRAN) simulator. The simulator and teamwork are designed to simulate the real tasks of the control room of the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) in Taiwan. In addition, important physiological parameters, the NASA-TLX questionnaire, team response time, and team error rates were collected from 39 participants. The results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between the error rates of teamwork and the interval of event arrival time. This indicated that a pre-alarm device is necessary because vigilance decreased with time. Moreover, a predictive teamwork performance model applying the GMDH algorithm and the RTWM with a fuzzy inference system was developed in this study. The proposed model can efficiently predict teamwork performance to maintain appropriate mental workload as well as ensure system safety.     

碳源投加方式对低C/N污水脱氮除磷性能及菌群结构影响

为揭示碳源投加方式对低碳污水氮磷去除影响,采用A2/O系统处理模拟低C/N(C/N为2.0~4.0)污水,分别在污泥回流池、进水端投加碳源,对比研究2种方式条件下的系统氮磷污染物去除效果及微生物菌群结构特点。结果表明:与传统进水端投加碳源方式(阶段Ⅳ)相比,在污泥回流池投加等量碳源(阶段Ⅲ),有利于实现更佳的脱氮除磷效果。阶段Ⅲ的TN、TP去除率分别为54.5%、63.9%,高于阶段Ⅳ的氮、磷去除率(TN和TP去除率分别为44.9%、21.7%)。高通量测序结果表明:2种碳源投加方式均改变了微生物菌群丰富度和多样性,且在污泥回流池投加碳源更有利于优势菌群的富集,该阶段红游动菌属(Rhodoplanes,2.3%)、脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas,1.6%)及生丝菌属(Hyphomicrobium,1.4%)为优势菌属,其比例均高于阶段Ⅳ。     

基于WRF-Chem模拟验证的天水市主城区大气污染源排放清单

通过部门调研、现场调查和遥感解译等方法获取天水市主城区大气污染源活动水平数据,采用排放因子法估算了天水市主城区 10类污染源的9种污染物排放量,构建了2019年天水市主城区高分辨率排放清单,并采用横向比较法和模式验证法评估了排放清单的合理性.结果表明:(1)2019年天水市主城区 SO2、NOx、CO、VOCs、NH3...     

Development of emission factors for polycarbonate processing

Emission factors for selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate emissions were developed while processing eight commercial grades of polycarbonate (PC) and one grade of a PC/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blend. A small commercial-type extruder was used, and the extrusion temperature was held constant at 304 degrees C. An emission factor was calculated for each substance measured and is reported as pounds released to the atmosphere/million pounds of polymer resin processed [ppm (wt/wt)]. Scaled to production volumes, these emission factors can be used by processors to estimate emission quantities from similar PC processing operations.