以废气为热源生产二水氯化钙的新工艺

针对在氯化法生产钛白粉的过程中产生的大量高热值废气和氯化钙废水,提出以废气为热源生产二水氯化钙的新工艺。以焚烧的方式处理氯化尾气,将产生的热量用于浓缩蒸发氯化钙废水,生产工业级二水氯化钙产品,达到以废治废的目的。不仅处理了工业废气和废水,在节约能源的同时创造了一定的经济效益。     

Tool wear of coated drills in drilling CFRP

This study aimed to investigate the wear of certain coated drills when drilling carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP). Three different drills were used in the drilling experiments: uncoated, diamond coated and AlTiN coated carbide (WC–Co) drills. The tool wear in CFRP machining was quite different from that in conventional metal machining. The primary wear type was a dulling or blunting of the cutting edge, which has been referred to as edge rounding wear or edge recession. In this paper, a hypothesis has been developed to explain the edge rounding wear in CFRP machining. Due to the fracture-based chip formation of CFRP, there is lack of the work material stagnation zone in front of the cutting edge, which normally prevents the edge wear in metal machining. Series of wear lead to rapid dulling of the cutting edge. The resistance to edge rounding wear on the coated as well as uncoated drills has been investigated. The diamond coating significantly reduces the edge rounding wear. However, AlTiN coated drills showed no visible improvement over the uncoated carbide drill, despite of their high hardness, thus not protecting the drill. The wear mechanisms of the uncoated carbide drill and coatings are discussed. It is believed that the 2-body and 3-body abrasive wear fail to explain the observed tool wear in CFRP drilling. However, the wear of the coatings and uncoated carbide substrate from tribo-meter tests correlated well with the tool wear in the CFRP drilling. Therefore, the tribo-meter test can be used to screen the prospective tool materials before carrying drilling experiment.     

电化学强化低能耗废水生物处理技术研究

以碳布为阴阳极材料构建一种新型的生物电化学系统（BES）,研究该系统在不曝气条件下对城市污水的处理效果,并与传统的厌氧和好氧处理方法进行比较。结果表明,该BES处理城市污水是可行的,与传统曝气法相比能够显著降低能耗。在进水CODcr,为350mg／L、NH3-N为15mg／L、水力停留时间（HRT）为24h时,电化学强化生物处理系统对CODcr和NH3-N的去除率达84％和80％,优于同等条件下的厌氧、好氧生物处理方法。BES的输出电压最高为211mV。     

阿替洛尔在硝酸根溶液中的光降解研究

以氙灯为模拟太阳光光源,研究了β阻滞剂阿替洛尔(ATL)在硝酸根溶液中的光解,探讨了硝酸根离子浓度、溶液pH值、碳酸氢根离子浓度和腐殖质浓度对ATL光解的影响.结果表明,ATL在不同浓度硝酸根溶液中的光解反应符合准一级动力学规律,增大硝酸根离子浓度促进了ATL的光降解率,当硝酸根离子浓度由0增至5 mmol.L-1时其速率常数由0.002 26min-1增至0.009 4 min-1;酸性或碱性溶液有利于ATL在硝酸根溶液中的光解,碳酸氢根离子浓度对光解无明显影响,而加入Suwannee富里酸(SRFA)对光解产生抑制作用.采用异丙醇作为羟基自由基分子探针检测到.OH存在于ATL光解过程中.采用SPE-LC-MS方法鉴定了ATL在硝酸根溶液中的主要光解产物,并提出了可能的光解途径.     

小城镇建设项目环境影响评价相关问题探讨——以聊城经济开发区蒋官屯小城镇建设项目为例

在中国的城市化进程中,小城镇建设发挥了重要的作用,引起了各级政府的重视。本文以聊城经济开发区蒋官屯小城镇建设项目为例,结合小城镇建设项目的特点,就小城镇建设项目的环境影响评价中相关问题进行了探讨,主要从环境影响评价的特点、评价的主要内容、评价重点、项目建设对环境的影响分析及外环境对项目的影响分析、生态及社会环境影响分析、公众参与、项目选址合理性分析、应特别关注的环境问题等几个方面进行阐述,以期为小城镇建设项目环境影响评价提供参考。     

四川省高速公路网规划调整方案生态敏感性分析

公路网的规划实施会占用大片土地,消耗大量的资源,对整个规划区域的生态环境造成不可忽视的影响。生态环境影响评价是公路网规划环境影响评价的主体内容之一,是生态环评的重点。本文在充分分析了四川省高速公路网规划调整方案的特点之后,有针对性的提出生态敏感性的评价方法。通过对路网中各个路段的生态敏感性指数的计算,定量的分析不同路段对生态环境的影响程度。为相关部门对公路网的规划提供决策依据。     

液氯泄露环境风险评价

文章以如东易昌化工有限公司为例,按照《建设项目环境风险评价导则》的要求,在对液氯的理化性质及危险性识别的基础上,分别进行了风险识别、伴生/次生危险性分析、源项分析等工作,确定了此次风险评价采用的相关标准,采用导则推荐的多烟团模式进行了事故发生后液氯泄露的环境风险预测和评价,得出了不利气象条件下的事故风险影响范围,求得了最大风险值,并从氯气瓶库及供氯站设置、生产过程等方面提出了相关的风险管理措施。     

Building regional priorities in forests for development and adaptation to climate change in the Congo Basin

Indentifying common priorities in shared natural resource systems constitutes an important platform for implementing adaptation and a major step in sharing a common responsibility in addressing climate change. Predominated by discourses on REDD + (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries) with little emphasis on adaptation there is a risk of lack of policy measures in addressing climate change in the Congo Basin. Forest products and ecosystem services provide security portfolios for the predominantly rural communities, and play major roles in national development programmes in both revenue and employment opportunities. Thus, raising the profile of forests in the policy arena especially in the twin roles of addressing climate change in mitigation and adaptation and achieving resilient development is crucial. Within the framework of the Congo Basin Forests and Climate Change Adaptation project (COFCCA) project, science policy dialogue was conducted to identify and prioritize forest based sectors vulnerable to climate change but important to household livelihoods and national development. The goal of the prioritization process was for the development of intervention in forest as measures for climate change adaptation in Central Africa. Participants constituted a wide range of stakeholders (government, Non Governmental Organizations, research institutions, universities, community leaders, private sectors etc.) as representatives from three countries directly involved in the project: Cameroon, Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of Congo. Building on national priorities, four forest related sectors were identified as common priorities at the regional level for focus on climate change adaptation. These sectors included: (1) energy with emphasis on fuel wood and Charcoal; (2) Water principally quality, quantity, accessibility, etc.; (3) Food with emphasis on Non Timber Forest Products, and (4) Health linked to healthcare products (medicinal plants). Using these prioritized sectors, the project focused on addressing the impacts of climate change on local communities and the development of adaptation strategies in the three pilot countries of the Congo Basin region. The four sectors constitute the key for development in the region and equally considered as priority sectors in the poverty reduction papers. Focused research on these sectors can help to inject the role of forests in national and local development and their potentials contributions to climate change adaptation in national and public discourses. Mainstreaming forest for climate change adaptation into national development planning is the key to improve policy coherence and effectiveness in forest management in the region.     

水溶性有机物电子转移能力与荧光峰强度的关系研究

以不同来源的水溶性有机物（DOM）为供试材料,采用电化学方法和荧光光谱法研究了DOM电子转移能力及其与荧光峰强度的关系.采用库仑安培法测定DOM电子转移能力,其中测得的电子接受能力为635.6～1 049.3μmol.（g.C）-1,电子供给能力为27.3～42.3μmol.（g.C）-1.利用循环伏安法研究DOM电化学活性,发现其氧化还原电位在-731～-996 mV（vs.Ag/AgCl）之间.经过电位跃阶法三次氧化还原循环后电子转移能力仍可维持在232.1～897.2μmol.（g.C）-1之间,电子循环率为36.7%～78.2%,说明DOM具有重复利用、反复转移电子的特性.采用荧光激发发射光谱法（EEMS）测定DOM的类富里酸荧光峰强度并比较其与DOM电子转移能力的关系,发现DOM的类富里酸荧光峰强度与DOM的电子循环率具有显著相关（r2=0.92）.实验结果为理解DOM在元素循环、污染物降解以及生物地球化学循环中的作用提供科学依据.     

A juvenile lizard specimen with well-preserved skin impressions from the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China

Lizards are now relatively well known from the Yixian Formation of northeastern China. In this study, we describe a juvenile lizard from a fossil horizon at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia. These beds predate the Yixian Formation, and are probably Late Jurassic or earliest Cretaceous in age. The new specimen thus documents the first lizard material from the Daohugou locality and is the earliest lizard skeleton from China. Comparisons with developmental stages of modern lizards suggest the Daohugou lizard is a hatchling. Although tiny, the specimen is notable in preserving exquisite skin impressions showing the variation in scalation across the body, the shape and position of the cloacal outlet, and details of the manus and pes. These are the earliest recorded lepidosaurian skin traces. In its general proportions and the possession of paired frontals, the small Daohugou lizard resembles both the Yixian taxon Yabeinosaurus tenuis and the questionable Jeholacerta formosa, but it differs from the latter in scalation and, based on other characters, may be distinct from both.