重庆市大气污染物的空间统计分析

利用空间统计分析方法(spatial statistics analysis),借助GIS,分析了重庆市3种主要大气污染物TSP,SO₂和NO_x质量浓度在空间上的分布特点.研究表明,在"九五"期间和2002年2个时期,重庆市大气污染物在空间上均呈不均衡分布.整体上,SO₂的空间自相关性很强,属集中分布模式;TSP的空间自相关性较弱,属于随机分布模式;NO_x处于二者之间.局部相关性分析表明,大部分区县的大气污染物之间相关性较弱.此外,利用缓冲区和内插浓度表面法分析了2个时期的污染物质量浓度随离行政中心距离变化的趋势,发现ρ(TSP)和ρ(SO₂)在各地带内均有明显削减,而ρ(NO_x)削减不显著;ρ(SO₂)和ρ(NO_x)随距行政中心距离增大下降,但ρ(TSP)随距离增大而增加.3种污染物质量浓度都在离行政中心50～60 km的地带发生明显变化,由此得出目前重庆市大气污染物空间分布的特征距离为50～60km.      

中国铝生命周期能耗与碳排放的情景分析及减排对策

铝工业是高能耗高排放工业,探索铝工业的节能减排路径有助于我国实现《巴黎协定》中的温室气体减排承诺.采用物质流分析和生命周期评价方法,基于存量水平、技术水平和能源结构设置了15种情景,研究了我国铝工业1990～2100年的能耗和碳排放量,探索不同路径下的节能减排潜力.我国铝在用存量将在2040～2050年达到峰值(4.6...     

Characteristics of sewage sludge and distribution of heavy metal in plants with amendment of sewage sludge

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in three different sewage sludges in Shanghai City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Cd in all of sewage sludge and total concentrations of Zn in Jinshan sewage sludge, as well as those ofZn, Cu, and Ni in Taopu sludge are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used in agriculture. Leachability of rig in all of studied samples and that of Cd in Taopu sewage sludge exceed the limit values of waste solid extraction standard in China legislation. Based on the characteristics for three kinds of sewage sludge, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil amended with Quyang sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metalo.by Begonia semperfloreas-hybr; Ophiopogon japonicas （L.F.） Ker-Gaw; Loropetalum chindense-var, rubrum; Dendranthema morifolium; Viola tricolor; A ntirrhinum majas; Buxas radicans Sieb; Viburnum macrocephalum; Osmanthas fragrans Lour; Cinnamomum camphora siebold and Ligustrum lucidum ait. Results showed that 8 species of plant survived in the amended soil, and moreover they flourished as well as those cultivated in the control soil. The heavy metal concentration in plants varied with species, As, Pb, Cd and Cr concentration being the highest in the four herbaceous species studied, particularly in the roots of D. morifolium. These plants, however, did not show accumulator of As, Pb, Cd and Cr. The highest concentration of Ni and Hg was found in the roots ofD. morifolium, followed by the leaves ofB. semperflorens-hybr. Levels of Zn and Cu were much higher in D. morifolium than in the other plant species. D. morifolium accumulated Ni, Hg, Cu and Zn, which may contribute to the decrease of heavy metal contents in the amended soil. Treatment with sewage sludge did not significantly affect the uptake of heavy metals by the L. chindense-var, rubrum, however, it significantly affected the uptake of heavy metals by D. morifolium.     

HPLC-高分辨飞行时间质谱测定水中多种微囊藻毒素

水样经HLB小柱富集、净化后,采用高效液相色谱-四极杆-高分辨飞行时间质谱同时测定水样中MC-LA、MC-LF、〖JP3〗MC-LR、MC-LW、MC-LY、MC-RR、MC-YR、MC-WR等8种微囊藻毒素。试验表明,8种微囊藻毒素在0500 μg/L～〖JP〗100 μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0001 μg/L～0005 μg/L,自来水空白样品3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为725%～998%,5次测定结果的RSD为19%～112%。将该方法用于测定珠海本地水产养殖鱼塘和小型水库的水样,结果均未检出     

铁磁流体对煤粒瓦斯解吸性能影响实验研究*

为探究铁磁流体对煤体瓦斯解吸性能的影响,采用水浴恒温吸附解吸系统,开展0.44,0.65,1.14 MPa 3组不同平衡压力下加铁磁流体前后的瓦斯解吸对比实验,根据Langmuir方程经验公式计算瓦斯极限解吸量和初始扩散系数,分析铁磁流体对煤体瓦斯解吸影响的机理。结果表明:在3组不同平衡压力下加入铁磁流体后瓦斯极限解吸量由2.5,10,20 mL/g降低为2.22,3.33,10 mL/g,降低11.2%,66.7%,50%;初始扩散系数由0.997 1,1.629 9,3.888 3 μm2·s降低为0.685 5,0.997 1,2.933 5 μm2·s,降低31.25%,38.82%,24.56%。在铁磁流体的作用下,煤体瓦斯解吸性能得到大幅降低。     

一种基于工作流模型的系统运行评估方法

复杂信息系统各功能正常运行依赖于内部各数据处理节点之间的高效协作和数据交互。针对复杂信息系统运行情况评估的需求,提出了一种基于工作流模型的评估方法,能够依据系统运行过程中各节点之间的数据交互关系建立模型,通过该模型对系统的记录数据进行自动化处理,实现系统整体运行情况、各节点运行情况以及各项功能完成情况的统计和分析,实现故障问题的隔离和定位。     

通风口高度对太阳能烟囱建筑自然通风和自然排烟性能的影响研究

安装太阳能烟囱后的建筑具有效果优良、节能环保的自然通风系统。室内通风口高度是太阳能烟囱建筑性能的关键参数之一。提出通过改变太阳能烟囱建筑室内通风口高度位置,使太阳能烟囱既可用于建筑的日常自然通风,也能实现室内火灾场景下的自然排烟。利用缩比例实验台研究了不同室内通风口高度对太阳能烟囱建筑自然通风与自然排烟效果的影响,发现自然通风和自然排烟效果随通风口高度增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且最佳室内通风口高度位于窗户上檐位置附近。研究结果对太阳能烟囱建筑的建筑结构关键参数设计具有指导意义。