环境风作用下弧形立面机场航站楼自然排烟效果的数值模拟研究

机场航站楼公共区域多采用自然排烟方式,而环境风和排烟窗控制模式会影响排烟效果,尤其在弧形立面航站楼中影响效果显著。以某弧形立面航站楼为研究对象,选取候机指廊弧形区域的自然排烟窗分3段控制启闭,进而确定6种控制模式,采用 FDS火灾动力学模拟软件研究了不同模式下的排烟效果,获得了环境风和发烟量对危险到达时间的影响规律, 提出了排烟窗控制模式流程。结果表明:对于弧形立面航站楼而言,排烟窗分段控制模式下的排烟效果优于不分段控制模式,可以有效降低环境风对自然排烟的影响。当环境风速超过10 m/s时,须关闭迎风向排烟窗,避免烟气倒灌。在法向环境风作用的不利条件下,当发烟量在0. 05~0. 20之间时,危险到达时间的最大值tmax与发烟量x满足一次函数关系式:tmax=-3018x+1030.5。     

环境温湿度对新型冠状病毒传播影响研究的现状及展望

新型冠状病毒感染所导致的疾病已造成全球大流行,是当前全球重大公共卫生问题.目前,疫情的重灾区主要集中在北半球,南半球开始有明显的增加趋势.随着北半球夏季的来临,环境温湿度变化对病毒传播的影响逐渐受到广泛关注.已有若干研究从不同角度出发,探究环境温湿度与新型冠状病毒传播的关系.本文通过总结相关主要研究,总结目前研究的进展及有待完善之处,为今后相关工作的深入开展提供建议.     

永定河上游张家口地区水污染物排放负荷与贡献

运用源强系数法,估算永定河上游张家口地区不同来源水污染物的排放负荷,并评估不同污染源的贡献。结果表明:(1)永定河上游张家口地区COD排放负荷为97 533.43t/a;氨氮排放负荷为10 596.73t/a;总磷排放负荷为1 389.11t/a。(2)COD主要来自畜禽养殖业和城镇生活污水,分别占总排放负荷的53.66%和31.41%;氨氮主要来自城镇和农村生活污水,分别占总排放负荷的40.15%和27.04%;总磷主要来自畜禽养殖业和城镇生活污水,分别占总排放负荷的28.99%和26.54%。(3)从空间上看,宣化区COD、氨氮、总磷排放负荷均为最大,宣化区是永定河上游张家口地区水污染的主要贡献区。     

绍兴城区夏季大气挥发性有机物特征、来源及大气反应活性

研究了2019年夏季(8月)绍兴城区的烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳烃、卤代烃、含氧挥发性有机物(VOCs)、腈7类共98种VOCs的特征、来源及大气反应活性。结果表明,7类VOCs的平均质量浓度由大到小依次为烷烃(24.29μg/m3)卤代烃(17.17μg/m3)芳烃(15.89μg/m3)含氧VOCs(14.72μg/m3)烯烃(4.06μg/m3)炔烃(1.23μg/m3)腈(0.27μg/m3)。烃、腈和卤代烃白天浓度低,夜间浓度高,含氧VOCs基本上终日保持稳定。白天交通排放的贡献较为显著;夜间除交通排放外,挥发性有机溶剂的使用对绍兴城区夏季VOCs也有重要影响。此外,VOCs在一定程度上受到了长距离气团传输的影响,也存在一定的老化现象。烯烃、芳烃是绍兴城区夏季最具大气反应活性的VOCs。     

高效液相色谱-三重四级杆/复合线性离子阱质谱法测定饮用水中22种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了一种同时测定饮用水中22种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的高效液相色谱-三重四级杆/复合线性离子阱质谱方法:饮用水样品经针头过滤器过滤,选用Biphenyl液相色谱柱进行分离,以含0.1%甲酸的水溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液为流动相,电离模式为电喷雾正离子,选用多反应监测触发增强子离子扫描模式进行检测。结果表明,22种PAEs的灵敏度良好,定量限为0.001～0.1 μg/L。配制浓度为0.1～100.0 μg/L的混标溶液进行进样分析,分析结果显示,22种PAEs在该范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995,方法的平均回收率为82.9%～108.9%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～11.2%。同时,使用增强子离子扫描谱图进行搜库匹配,定性准确性高。该方法适用于饮用水中PAEs的检测。     

原子吸收法测定土壤中铅的方法

通过湿法消解土壤样品,利用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法(GAAS)和火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)测定不同土壤样品中铅的含量,以验证2种方法的有效性并加以对比。实验结果表明:2种方法均满足土壤中铅含量的测定要求,测定的标准土样含量均在标准值的不确定度范围内,GAAS方法测定结果更接近保证值。二者的相对标准偏差(RSD)值均低于1.5%,FAAS方法的精密度更高,且具有快速简单等优势。     

Contamination of Canadian and European bottled waters with antimony from PET containers

Using clean lab methods and protocols developed for measuring Sb in polar snow and ice, we report the abundance of Sb in fifteen brands of bottled water from Canada and forty-eight from Europe. Comparison with the natural abundance of Sb in pristine groundwaters, water bottled commercially in polypropylene, analyses of source waters prior to bottling, and addition of uncontaminated groundwater to PET bottles, provides unambiguous evidence of Sb leaching from the containers. In contrast to the pristine groundwater in Ontario, Canada containing 2.2 +/- 1.2 ng l(-1) Sb, 12 brands of bottled natural waters from Canada contained 156 +/- 86 ng l(-1) and 3 brands of deionized water contained 162 +/- 30 ng l(-1); all of these were bottled in PET containers. Natural water from Ontario bottled in polypropylene contained only 8.2 +/- 0.9 ng l(-1). Comparison of three German brands of water available in both glass bottles and PET containers showed that waters bottled in PET contained up to 30 times more Sb. To confirm that the elevated Sb concentrations are due to leaching from the PET containers, water was collected in acid-cleaned LDPE bottles from a commercial source in Germany, prior to bottling; this water was found to contain 3.8 +/- 0.9 ng l(-1) Sb (n = 5), compared with the same brand of water purchased locally in PET bottles containing 359 +/- 54 ng l(-1) (n = 6). This same brand of water in PET bottles, after an additional three months of storage at room temperature, yielded 626 +/- 15 ng l(-1) Sb (n = 3). Other German brands of water in PET bottles contained 253-546 ng l(-1) Sb (n = 5). The median concentration of Sb in thirty-five brands of water bottled in PET from eleven other European countries was 343 ng l(-1) (n = 35). As an independent check of the hypothesis that Sb is leaching from PET, the pristine groundwater from Canada (containing 2.2 +/- 1.2 ng l(-1) Sb) was collected from the source using PET bottles from Germany: this water contained 50 +/- 17 ng l(-1) Sb (n = 2) after only 37 days, even though it was stored in the refrigerator, and 566 ng l(-1) after six months storage at room temperature.