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81.
Motivation of Japanese companies to take environmental action to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions: an econometric analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To analyze the motivations of Japanese companies to take environmental actions to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
we used FY2006 research data and questioned Japanese industries regarding their reduction of GHG emissions. Empirical investigations
revealed that voluntary targets set by industry organizations, government requirements, and advance responses to possible
future regulations can positively influence environmental actions for GHG emission reduction; however, cost reductions and
corporate social responsibility fulfillment cannot.
相似文献
Seiji IkkataiEmail: |
82.
Eisuke Ito Takaaki Sato Daisuke Sano Etsuko Utagawa Tsuyoshi Kato 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(2):201-208
A new computational method for the detection of virus particles in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images is presented. Our approach is to use a convolutional neural network that transforms a TEM image to a probabilistic map that indicates where virus particles exist in the image. Our proposed approach automatically and simultaneously learns both discriminative features and classifier for virus particle detection by machine learning, in contrast to existing methods that are based on handcrafted features that yield many false positives and require several postprocessing steps. The detection performance of the proposed method was assessed against a dataset of TEM images containing feline calicivirus particles and compared with several existing detection methods, and the state-of-the-art performance of the developed method for detecting virus was demonstrated. Since our method is based on supervised learning that requires both the input images and their corresponding annotations, it is basically used for detection of already-known viruses. However, the method is highly flexible, and the convolutional networks can adapt themselves to any virus particles by learning automatically from an annotated dataset. 相似文献
83.
Daisuke Inoue Koki Nakam Kazuko Sawa Taro Watanabe Hisae Matsui Kazunari Sei Tsuyoshi Nakanishi Michihiko Ike 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):125-132
To assess the potential endocrine disruptive effects through multiple nuclear receptors(NRs),especially non-steroidal NRs,in municipal wastewater,we examined the agonistic activities on four NRs(estrogen receptor α,thyroid hormone receptor α,retinoic acid receptor α and retinoid X receptor α) of untreated and treated wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay.Investigation of the influent and effluent of seven WWTPs revealed that agonistic activities... 相似文献
84.
Nguyen Ai Le Akiko Sato Daisuke Inoue Kazunari Sei Satoshi So Michihiko Ike 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(12):2133-2140
To generate cost-effective technologies for the removal of arsenic from water, we developed an enrichment culture of chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidizing bacteria (CAOs) that could effectively oxidize widely ranging concentrations of As(III) to As(V). In addition, we attempted to elucidate the enrichment process and characterize the microbial composition of the enrichment culture. A CAOs enrichment culture capable of stably oxidizing As(III) to As(V) was successfully constructed through repeated batch cultivation for more than 700 days, during which time the initial As(III) concentrations were increased in a stepwise manner from 1 to 10-12 mmol/L. As(III) oxidation activity of the enrichment culture gradually improved, and 10-12 mmol/L As(III) was almost completely oxidized within four days. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that the dominant bacteria in the enrichment culture varied drastically during the enrichment process depending on the As(III) concentration. Isolation and characterization of bacteria in the enrichment culture revealed that the presence of multiple CAOs with various As(III) oxidation abilities enabled the culture to adapt to a wide range of As(III) concentrations. The CAOs enrichment culture constructed here may be useful for pretreatment of water from which arsenic is being removed. 相似文献
85.
Wataru?Kojima Takuma?TakanashiEmail author Yukio?Ishikawa 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(2):171-179
Pupae of several insect species are known to generate air-borne sounds and/or substrate-borne vibrations, but the functions
of the sounds/vibrations are not well understood. Here, we present the first evidence of vibratory communication between pupae
and larvae of a group-living Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotoma which inhabits humus soil. The last-instar larvae of this beetle construct their own pupal cells to ensure normal pupation
and eclosion. These cells are fragile and subject to damage from burrowing larvae because pupae and larvae co-inhabit the
same patches of humus. In laboratory experiments, we demonstrated that pupal cells harboring live pupae were less likely to
be broken by larvae than those harboring dead pupae. It was also demonstrated that pupae produced vibrations in response to
larvae approaching the pupal cells. High-speed video and vibration analyses showed that pupae emitted 3–7 pulses at 1.3-s
intervals by beating their pronotum against the inner wall of the pupal cell. The pupal vibration was of low frequency with
a maximum energy at ≈ 100 Hz. The drumming behavior was more frequently observed in the presence of an approaching larva than
in its absence. When pupal vibrations were played back near to vacant artificial pupal cells, these cells were rarely disturbed
by the larvae. These results provide evidence that pupae generate vibrations to deter conspecific larvae, thereby preventing
damage to the cells. This larval response to pupal vibrations may have evolved through preexisting anti-predator and/or sib-killing-avoidance
behavior. 相似文献
86.
Nitrate facilitates cadmium uptake, transport and accumulation in the hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Pengjie Hu Yong-Gen Yin Satoru Ishikawa Nobuo Suzui Naoki Kawachi Shu Fujimaki Masato Igura Cheng Yuan Jiexue Huang Zhu Li Tomoyuki Makino Yongming Luo Peter Christie Longhua Wu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(9):6306-6316
The aims of this study are to investigate whether and how the nitrogen form (nitrate (NO3 –) versus ammonium (NH4 +)) influences cadmium (Cd) uptake and translocation and subsequent Cd phytoextraction by the hyperaccumulator species Sedum plumbizincicola. Plants were grown hydroponically with N supplied as either NO3 – or NH4 +. Short-term (36 h) Cd uptake and translocation were determined innovatively and quantitatively using a positron-emitting 107Cd tracer and positron-emitting tracer imaging system. The results show that the rates of Cd uptake by roots and transport to the shoots in the NO3 – treatment were more rapid than in the NH4 + treatment. After uptake for 36 h, 5.6 (0.056 μM) and 29.0 % (0.290 μM) of total Cd in the solution was non-absorbable in the NO3 – and NH4 + treatments, respectively. The local velocity of Cd transport was approximately 1.5-fold higher in roots (3.30 cm h?1) and 3.7-fold higher in shoots (10.10 cm h?1) of NO3 –- than NH4 +-fed plants. Autoradiographic analysis of 109Cd reveals that NO3 – nutrition enhanced Cd transportation from the main stem to branches and young leaves. Moreover, NO3 – treatment increased Cd, Ca and K concentrations but inhibited Fe and P in the xylem sap. In a 21-day hydroponic culture, shoot biomass and Cd concentration were 1.51 and 2.63 times higher in NO3 –- than in NH4 +-fed plants. We conclude that compared with NH4 +, NO3 – promoted the major steps in the transport route followed by Cd from solution to shoots in S. plumbizincicola, namely its uptake by roots, xylem loading, root-to-shoot translocation in the xylem and uploading to the leaves. S. plumbizincicola prefers NO3 – nutrition to NH4 + for Cd phytoextraction. 相似文献
87.
T. Niisoe E. Nakamura K. Harada H. Ishikawa T. Hitomi T. Watanabe Z. Wang A. Koizumi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(14):1806-1814
A global atmospheric transport model is used to calculate lead concentrations in the atmosphere. The model performance is evaluated through comparisons with observations in Europe. The model results of lead concentrations in surface air were compared with measurements in East Asia. The detailed comparisons showed generally good agreement for recent decades, although systematic underestimation was found in China. Anthropogenic lead emissions in China are estimated from economic statistics to be 56 000 t yr?1, which is not small considering the economic scale of China. The underestimations suggest a hidden source of lead emissions. The emissions in Japan and Korea are derived from optimization by the model. The magnitude is about 2000 t yr?1, which is much greater than that reported by the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register in Japan and Toxics Release Inventory in Korea. 相似文献
88.
Seiichirou Ohura Hiroyuki Harada Biplob Kumar Biswas Mitsunori Kondo Susumu Ishikawa Hidetaka Kawakita Keisuke Ohto Katsutoshi Inoue 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(4):293-297
Zirconium was loaded onto orange waste, a cheap and available agricultural waste in Japan, to investigate the feasibility
of its utilization for phosphorus recovery from secondary effluent and side-stream liquid, which contain 5.9 and 68.2 mg/dm3 phosphorus, respectively. The phosphorus removal from side-stream liquid by using zirconium-loaded saponified orange waste
(Zr-SOW) gel increased with an increasing solid/liquid ratio, and it was found that Zr-SOW gel showed better performance than
zirconium ferrite. The prepared adsorbent was effective for phosphorus removal and exhibited a reasonably high adsorption
capacity, twice than that of zirconium ferrite. The secondary effluent was treated in a column packed with Zr-SOW gel, and
an dynamic adsorption capacity of 1.3 mol-P/kg was attained. The adsorbed phosphorus from the column was successfully eluted
as a concentrated form by using a small amount of 0.2 M NaOH. Throughout the elution process, zirconium was not leaked from
the adsorption gel. 相似文献
89.
M Kawaguchi Y Sugahara T Watanabe K Irie M Ishida D Kurokawa S Kitamura H Takata IC Handoh K Nakayama Y Murakami 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2488-2497
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Spills of heavy oil (HO) over the oceans have been proven to have an adverse effect on marine life. It has been hypothesized that exposure of early larvae of sinking eggs to HO leads largely to normal morphology, whereas abnormal organization of the developing neural scaffold is likely to be found. HO-induced disruption of the nervous system, which controls animal behavior, may in turn cause abnormalities in the swimming behavior of hatched larvae. To clarify the toxicological effects of HO, we performed exposure experiments and morphological and behavioral analyses in pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) larvae. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: Fertilized eggs of pufferfish were exposed to 50?mg/L of HO for 8?days and transferred to fresh seawater before hatching. The hatched larvae were observed for their swimming behavior, morphological appearance, and construction of muscles and nervous system. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In HO-exposed larvae, we did not detect any anomaly of body morphology. However, they showed an abnormal swimming pattern and disorganized midbrain, a higher center controlling movement. Our results suggest that HO-exposed fishes suffer developmental disorder of the brain that triggers an abnormal swimming behavior and that HO may be selectively toxic to the brain and cause physical disability throughout the life span of these fishes. 相似文献
90.
A sex pheromone component novel to Ostrinia identified from Ostrinia latipennis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takuma Takanashi Suguru Ohno Yongping Huang Sadahiro Tatsuki Hiroshi Honda Yukio Ishikawa 《Chemoecology》2000,10(3):143-147
Summary. Extracts from the sex pheromone gland of Ostrinia latipennis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry.
Only an EAD-active compound was detected in the extract, and it was identified as (E)-11-tetradecenol (E11-14:OH). In a wind-tunnel bioassay, E11-14:OH elicited a series of mate finding behaviors from males, although it was far less active than virgin females and crude
extract of the pheromone gland. The attractiveness of E11-14:OH to O. latipennis males was confirmed by field trapping experiments. Based on these findings, we concluded that E11-14:OH, which is novel to the genus Ostrinia, is a major component of the sex pheromone in O. latipennis. The significance of the use of alcohol in place of the usual acetates in Ostrinia is discussed in relation to the pheromone biosynthesis system.
Received 9 December 1999; accepted 14 March 2000 相似文献