A system dynamics model for the management of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve, 1850) in the Bay of Arcachon (France)

The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve, 1850) is one of the mollusc species that, driven mainly by the shellfish market industry, has extended throughout the world, far beyond the limits of its original habitat. The Manila clam was introduced into France for aquaculture purposes, between 1972 and 1975. In France, this venerid culture became increasingly widespread and, since 1988, this species has colonised most of the embayments along the French Atlantic coast. In 2004, this development resulted in a fishery of ca. 520 t in Arcachon Bay.     

草甘膦铵盐暴露对乌龟胚胎发育、孵出幼体运动及学习表现的影响

草甘膦暴露可能对某些水生动物具有致死及亚致死毒性,但未见有涉及龟鳖类动物的行为毒理学的研究报道。用不同浓度草甘膦铵盐处理孵化中的乌龟卵来检测草甘膦暴露对其胚胎发育、孵出幼体大小、翻身能力以及空间学习能力的影响。结果表明,2～2 000 mg·L~(-1)浓度范围内的草甘膦铵盐暴露并不会影响乌龟卵孵化成功率、胚胎发育速率以及孵出个体的体质量和翻身时间,但对孵出幼体的空间学习能力产生一定影响。较高浓度的草甘膦铵盐暴露会导致孵出幼体的觅食时间延长、觅食过程中的运动距离增大。因此,胚胎期草甘膦铵盐暴露可能对乌龟孵出幼体的后续生长和存活有一定的负面效应。     

Self-healing passivation of pyrite at ambient temperature

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Acid mine drainage is highly acidic and contains heavy metals, which can be harmful to soil, water, plants, and animals. To solve this issue, surface passivation...     

Evolutionary social and biogeophysical changes in the Amazon,Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna and Mekong deltas

Policy-making in social-ecological systems increasingly looks to iterative, evolutionary approaches that can address the inherent complexity of interactions between human wellbeing, provision of goods, and the maintenance of ecosystem services. Here, we show how the analysis of available time-series in tropical delta regions over past decades can provide important insight into the social-ecological system dynamics in deltaic regions. The paper provides an exploratory analysis of the recent changes that have occurred in the major elements of three tropical deltaic social-ecological systems, such as demography, economy, health, climate, food, and water. Time-series data from official statistics, monitoring programmes, and Earth observation data are analysed to explore possible trends, slow and fast variables, and observed drivers of change in the Amazon, Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna and Mekong deltas. In the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta zone, increasing gross domestic product and per capita income levels since the 1980s mirror rising levels of food and inland fish production. In contrast, non-food ecosystem services, such as water availability, water quality, and land stability appear to be deteriorating. In the Amazon delta, natural and anthropogenic perturbations are continuously degrading key ecosystem services, such as carbon storage in biomass and soils, the regulation of water balance, and the modulation of regional climate patterns. In the Mekong delta, rapid economic development, changing land-use practices, and salinity intrusion are progressively putting more pressure on the delivery of important provisioning services, such as rice and inland aquaculture production, which are key sources of staple food, farm incomes, and export revenue. Observed changes in many key indicators of ecosystem services point to a changing dynamic state and increased probability of systemic threshold transformations in the near future.     

重金属-多氯联苯复合污染土壤同步洗脱

电子垃圾拆解区土壤具有重金属与有机物复合污染的特性,尤其以Cu、Pb、Cd和多氯联苯(PCBs)的复合污染较为突出。为了同步脱除土壤中重金属与PCBs,选用增溶物质:Tween 80、TX-100、SDBS、β-环糊精与螯合剂柠檬酸依次组合进行复合污染土壤淋洗实验,应用批量平衡震荡法研究它们对重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd)与PCBs(Aroclor 1254)的洗脱效果。通过比较洗脱效果、环境友好性等方面,得出非离子表面活性剂Tween 80与天然螯合剂柠檬酸2种淋洗剂复合最佳;进一步研究两者的淋洗先后顺序、浓度配比、洗脱时间及淋洗剂p H对污染土壤洗脱效果的影响,结果表明,在Tween 80和柠檬酸均为10 g/L、p H=6、淋洗时间12 h时淋洗效果达到最佳,对Cu、Pb、Cd及PCBs的洗脱率分别达到98.77%、55.92%、66.82%和58.01%。因此,利用Tween80和柠檬酸组合可同时有效去除土壤重金属和PCBs,是复合污染土壤淋洗修复的有效淋洗剂。     

RO浓水-废水联合培养小球藻的实验研究

为了实现微藻培养基的低成本化和废水资源化利用多重目的的耦合,对反渗透浓缩液(RO浓水)作为培养基培养小球藻(Chlorella sp.)的可行性及其影响因素进行了探讨。实验取一级、二级处理出水和消化反应上清液及3种废水与RO浓水混合液制成6种培养基培养小球藻,探究最佳培养基;在此基础上探究浓度与温度对小球藻生长的影响。结果表明,培养15 d后,3种添加了RO浓水的培养基比3种纯废水培养基更有利于小球藻的生长,其中消化反应上清液-RO浓水混合液是最佳培养基;浓水浓度0%~90%的该混合液中小球藻生物量增加315%~780%,且小球藻的生物量表现为随RO浓水浓度的增大先增加后减小的变化趋势,30%是小球藻最佳培养浓度;在10、20和30℃下,浓度0%~90%的培养基中小球藻生物量增加了140%~570%,各浓度中的小球藻均在20℃下生长最好。     

SBR快速实现短程硝化及影响因素

基于建立的序批式反应器(SBR),探索实现城市生活污水短程硝化的主要控制因素。研究结果表明,废水温度维持在(30±1)℃、p H值为7.8~8.2的条件下,采用间歇曝气的运行方式,仅驯化培养29 d,成功实现短程硝化,亚硝氮积累率为95%左右。通过对比发现,间歇曝气方式优于连续曝气方式,间歇曝气能有效地将溶解氧(DO)浓度控制在1.0mg/L以下,从而有利于进行短程硝化反应。此外,温度和p H可以影响亚硝氮的积累效果;当温度在25~35℃、进水p H为7.8~8.2时,亚硝氮的积累情况较好,积累率在91%以上。     

一株耐镉细菌的分离及其富集Cd的机理

从重金属镉污染土壤中筛选到一株对镉具有较强抗性和富集能力的细菌RC。经形态学观察和生理生化鉴定以及16SrDNA序列分析,RC为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）。在不同镉浓度液体培养条件下研究了菌体的生长曲线,并探讨了RC菌株对Zn、Cu的抗性,结果显示RC对不同重金属的抗性机制存在一定的差异。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜观察了镉在RC胞内外的沉积作用及分布情况,结果表明,在镉浓度为150 mg/L时菌体细胞壁及其内部可见大量的高电子密度颗粒,同时在菌体表面也有沉淀物附着。因此,胞内外沉积作用可能是该菌对高浓度镉的抗性和富集作用的重要途径。通过红外光谱探讨了RC积累镉前后细胞壁表面化学基团的变化情况,结果发现RC的细胞壁上参与积累作用的化学官能团主要有—OH、—NH、—CO和—CO—NH—等。     

离子交换纤维对金属氰络合物吸附性能的研究

采用强碱性离子交换纤维对含氰废水中主要离子铜氰络合物、锌氰络合物的吸附性能进行了研究。实验结果表明：含氰废水的pH在8—11范围内，纤维材料对金属氰络合物具有良好的吸附性能；纤维对铜氰络合物、锌氰络合物的吸附速率很快，4min左右就可达吸附平衡；温度对铜氰络合物、锌氰络合物吸附影响不大，纤维的这些吸附特点对工业应用非常有利。     

广州分公司外输成品油埋地管线安全分析

广州分公司外输成品油埋地管线运行多年,已达到或接近设计使用寿命。通过对管线运行情况以及管线周边状况对管线安全影响的分析,认为这些外输埋地成品油管线运行现状存在安全隐患,应采取整改措施。