A comparative investigation of NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) and Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CU_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) (x: 0-0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) with oxygen vacancies and T'-structured Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)Cu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) (x:0-0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-progranuned desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCut_xCoxO4_b catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CU_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level,the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CU_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ)increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO_(3.702) catalyst showing the best efficiency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr~(-1), and 600-900℃, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO_(3.702)> NdSrCu_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(3.736) > NdSrCu_(0.6)Co_(0.4)O_(3.789) > Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)Cu_(0.6)Co_(0.4)O_(4.187)> Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)Cu_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(4.104)> Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CuO_(4.045), in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+) redox ability of NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.     

Quantifying hysteresis of atrazine desorption from a sandy loam soil

Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of initial atrazine concentrations and consecutive desorption steps on the desorption characteristics of atrazine from a sandy loam soil.As initial atrazine concentration increased,the average percentage of atrazine desorption on the sandy loam soil ranged gradually from 23.1% to 38.5% after five consecutive desorption steps.The values of the Freundlich capacity parameter,kdes,derived from the initial concentration and time-dependent desorption isotherm were consistently higher than those associated with sorption.The opposite trend was observed only for the values of nonlinear parameter,ndes,from the initial concentration-dependent desorption isotherms.Atrazine hydrolysis to hydroxyatrazine and bound residue formation were mainly responsible for the observed hysteresis in its sorption and desorption isotherms.For the initial concentration-dependent desorption isotherms,as initial atrazine concentration increased,the values of hysteretic coefficients ω and λ decreased,and H values increased.However,the relationships between initial atrazine concentration and hysteretic coefficients were not pronounced for ω,H,or λ.For the time-dependent desorption isotherms,λ and H values increased as the atrazine desorption step proceeded.The correlation between hysteretic coefficient and desorption step was highly significant for λ (P 0.0001),but not for H.     

新疆有机水稻种植对土壤环境质量影响的初步分析

通过初步分析新疆有机水稻种植对土壤环境质量影响的情况,为今后改善农村生态环境、促进生态农业发展提供科学依据。在水稻有机种植方式下,重金属、农残含量要低于常规种植方式,而有机质明显要高于常规。有机水稻种植有利于改善生态环境,提高土壤环境质量,有利身体健康。     

环境英语教学对生态环境旅游可持续发展的意义

生态环境旅游保持可持续发展的内在要求之一为环境科学教育,在国际化形式的大背景下,外籍游客大幅度增加,致使环境科学教育的最核心内容即为英语教学。由于环境英语教学的缺失,一些生态旅游环境遭到严重破坏。为此,提出了英语教学对生态环境旅游可持续发展的意义。从培养绿色旅游意识、汲取国外先进旅游生态环境保护方法及增加外籍游客数量等方面,分析了环境英语教学对生态环境旅游可持续发展的必要性。研究环境英语教学对生态环境旅游推广的优势,在保持其他因素发展水平不变的前提下,分析英语教学对生态环境可持续发展的影响。     

Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on DNA/chitosan film

Glucose oxidase (GOD) is widely used in the glucose biosensor industry. The amperometric biosensors based on directly electron transfer (DET) between an electrode and immobilized GOD are especially promising. In this article, GOD was immobilized with a DNA/chitosan bio-material film on GC electrode, and the DET of GOD on DNA/chitosan was studied. The cyclic voltammetric results indicated that the GOD immobilized in the DNA/chitosan film underwent DET reaction, and the cyclic voltammogram displayed a pair of well-defined redox peaks with a formal potential of ?0.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at pH 5.5. The response showed a surface-controlled electrode process with an electron transfer rate constant of 0.91 sec^?1 determined in the scan rate range from 10 to 100 mV/sec. The GOD immobilized in DNA/chitosan membrane retained its biocatalytic activity and stability. The immobilized GOD could electrocatalyze the reduction of dissolved oxygen and resulted in a great increase of the reduction peak current. Upon the addition of glucose, the reduction peak current decreased, which could be used for glucose detection with a sensitivity of 0.48 μA/(mmol/L), a linear range from 0.04 to 2.28 mmol/L and a detection limit of 0.04 mmol/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The sensor could exclude the interference of commonly coexisted uricacid and ascorbic acid.     

活性炭在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用

高浓度有机废水是难治理的工业废水.活性炭因其特殊的应用性能,在该类废水治理中得到较广泛的应用.在此就活性炭在高浓度有机废水中的应用研究作了归纳总结.并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

光电催化降解10-壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO₂薄膜光电极,以该电极为工作电极,铂丝作对电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,对10-壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的光电催化降解进行了研究.结果表明,该电极具有n型半导体的特征行为.在外加偏压为+0.6V,pH值为5,H₂O₂浓度为30mg/L的条件下对初始浓度为50mg/L的10-壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液光照4h,降解率达53.26%.讨论了氧的存在、外加偏压、pH值等因素对光电催化反应的影响.     

Fenton法处理中药废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化技术对中药废水进行实验处理,对主要操作条件及其对实验处理效果的影响进行了实验研究。主要考察了废水pH、H2O2投加量、Fe^2＋投加量及温度等对废水中CODcr去除率的影响。实验结果显示,在pH=3.0,H2O2投加量为4/5Qth,Fe^2＋浓度为7.9×10^-3mol.L-1,20℃的情况下反应80 m in后CODcr去除率可以达到71.40%,Fenton氧化反应对中药废水有比较好的处理效果,改善了废水的可生化性,有利于进一步进行生化处理。     

藻引发水中偶氮染料的光降解

随着染料工业的发展，染料废水污染也日益严重。目前各国学者也找到了很多处理水中有机物、治理染料废水的办法，但大多局限于腐殖质、过渡金属离子等非生命物质对染料溶液的光降解，本文研究了鱼腥藻、小球藻对几种偶氮染料的光降解情况，并探讨了影响藻对染料溶液光降解的因素。结果显示，pH＝3时，藻能引发水中染料产生明显的光降解，提高藻的浓度，增加光强，均能加快染料的光降解。本文可为利用水体生物资源治理染料废水提供借鉴和帮助。     

Porous FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08：Highly efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of Methylene Blue under visible-light illumination

Porous S-doped bismuth vanadate with an olive-like morphology and its supported iron oxide （y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08, y = 0.06, 0.76, and 1.40） photocatalysts were fabricated using the dodecylamine-assisted alcohol-hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods, respectively. It is shown that the y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 photocatalysts contained a monoclinic scheetlite BiVO4 phase with a porous olive-like morphology, a surface area of 8.8-9.2 m^2/g, and a bandgap energy of 2.38-2.42 eV. There was co-presence of surface Bi^5＋, Bi^3＋, V^5＋, V^3＋, Fe^3＋, and Fe^2＋ species in y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08. The 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 sample performed the best for Methylene Blue degradation under visible-light illumination. The photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. We believe that the sulfur and FeOx co-doping, higher oxygen adspecies concentration, and lower baudgap energy were responsible for the excellent visible-light-driven catalytic activity of 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08.