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931.
Huanguang Deng Dongqi Wang Zhenlou Chen Shiyuan Xu Ju Zhang Ronald D. Delaune 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(9):6297-6305
The aims of this paper were to survey the total Hg levels and distribution character in intertidal sediment in continental coast of Shanghai, and identify the environment factors that might influence the sediment Hg concentrations, and to assess the pollution degree and potential ecological risk of Hg in sediment. Eighty-eight surface sediment samples and 18 sediment cores were collected for Hg contamination analysis. Physicochemical properties including Eh, particle size, content of total organic carbon (TOC), and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) were also measured. Index of geo-accumulation (I geo) and potential ecological risk index were used respectively to assess the pollution levels and the ecological risk of sediment Hg. The average of total Hg concentrations in surface sediments was 107.4?±?90.9 ng/g with the range from 0 to 465.9 ng/g. Higher Hg concentrations were generally found in surface sediments near sewage outfalls and the mouth of rivers. Total Hg concentrations were significantly correlated with TOC (p?<?0.05) both in surface (r?=?0.24) and core (r?=?0.29) sediments, but not with the other environment factors (Eh, AVS, and particle size). Geo-accumulation index indicated that Hg contamination in intertidal sediments was generally at none to moderate degree, while potential ecological risk index demonstrated that the risk caused by Hg were at moderate to considerable level. Intertidal sediment in continental coast of Shanghai has generally been contaminated by Hg, and it might pose moderate to considerable risk to the local ecosystem. The Hg contamination is related more to the coastal pollution sources and complicated hydrodynamic and sedimentary conditions than the other environment factors studied. 相似文献
932.
Study on the spectral and Cu (II) binding characteristics of DOM leached from soils and lake sediments in the Hetao region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guo X Jiang J Xi B He X Zhang H Deng Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):2079-2087
Introduction
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most active component in environmental system and its chemical and structural characteristics most likely influence its biodegradation. Four surface soil (0?C20?cm) and three core sediment samples (0?C10?cm) were collected from Wuliangsuhai Lake. The objectives of this study were to investigate the spectral properties and humification degree of DOM and to determine and discuss comparatively the complexing capacities and stability constants of DOM by Cu (II) in the Hetao region.Materials and methods
In this study, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence quenching methods were used to evaluate the humification degree of DOM and calculate the complexing capacities and the stability constants between DOM and Cu (II).Results and discussion
Two defined peaks, at wavelengths of 260??300?nm (peak I) and 300??350?nm (peak II), could be identified for soil DOM at a ???? value of 30?nm. In sediment DOM extracts, a third peak (III) was observed near 364?nm. The results show that there is a significant difference in the structure of DOM because of different sources. The humification degree is significantly higher for soil samples than those of sediment samples. The FT-IR spectra of DOM show that structure in sediment DOM is more functional groups than those in soil DOM. DOM has a stronger Cu binding affinity in soils than in sediment in the Hetao region, which may lead to potentially significant influence on the migration and transformation of Cu (II). 相似文献933.
Gu HH Qiu H Tian T Zhan SS Deng TH Chaney RL Wang SZ Tang YT Morel JL Qiu RL 《Chemosphere》2011,83(9):1234-1240
The mechanisms of stabilization by silicon-rich amendments of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in a multi-metal contaminated acidic soil and the mitigation of metal accumulation in rice were investigated in this study. The results from a pot experiment indicated that the application of fly ash (20 and 40 g kg−1) and steel slag (3 and 6 g kg−1) increased soil pH from 4.0 to 5.0-6.4, decreased the phytoavailability of heavy metals by at least 60%, and further suppressed metal uptake by rice. Diffusion gradient in thin-film measurement showed the heavy metal diffusion fluxes from soil to solution decreased by greater than 84% after remediation. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the mobile metals were mainly deposited as their silicates, phosphates and hydroxides in amended treatments. Moreover, it was found metal translocation from stem to leaf was dramatically restrained by adding amendments, which might be due to the increase of silicon concentration and co-precipitation with heavy metals in stem. Finally, a field experiment showed the trace element concentrations in polished rice treated with amendments complied with the food safety standards of China. These results demonstrated fly ash and steel slag could be effective in mitigating heavy metal accumulation in rice grown on multi-metal contaminated acidic soils. 相似文献
934.
采用气浮—磁分离工艺处理某石化企业的含油废水,重点考察了磁分离单元的工艺条件对除油率的影响。实验结果表明磁分离单元的最佳工艺条件为:絮凝剂聚合氯化铝加入量25 mg/L,磁种加入量100 mg/L,磁场强度40 mT,搅拌条件为先以150 r/min的转速搅拌2 min,再以50 r/min的转速搅拌5 min。在最佳工艺条件下进行气浮—磁分离工艺除油实验,在进水油质量浓度平均为29.5 mg/L时,气浮单元出水油质量浓度平均为8.5 mg/L,除油率平均为71.1%;磁分离单元出水油质量浓度平均为4.7 mg/L,除油率平均为44.1%;总除油率平均为83.8%。 相似文献
935.
西方传统自然观的演变与影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文认为,古代有机论自然观和近代机械论自然观分别对原始--农业文明和工业文明时代人类的生存方式对社会结构产生了实质性的影响,而19世纪后期以来对机械论自然观的批判则为现代环境运动的兴起提供了必要的哲学前提。 相似文献
936.
汉江中下游江段藻类现状调查及“水华”成因分析 总被引:41,自引:4,他引:37
汉江是长江的最大支流,全长1532km,年径流总量为591亿m^3,流域面积15.1万km^2。汉江既是湖北省主要航道之一,又是沿岸居民生活用水和工业用水的重要水源。早在70年代,汉江的水质一直符合地面水Ⅱ级标准,但自90年代以来,汉江的水质逐年下降,并分别于1992年和1998年的初春先后两次发生硅藻大量繁殖。 相似文献
937.
938.
939.
940.
表面流人工湿地硝化和反硝化强度研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过对表面流人工湿地不同土壤层硝化反硝化强度的研究,探讨了表面流人工湿地脱氮过程中沿程硝化和反硝化作用的变化,以及不同C∶N对系统反硝化强度的影响.研究结果表明,系统可同时进行硝化和反硝化作用,硝化强度具有较明显的分层现象,表层土壤高于深层土壤.系统中沿程硝化强度呈递减趋势,硝化强度反映了氨氮去除率的大小,其去除率为68%.反硝化强度研究结果表明:深层土壤的反硝化强度略高于表层土壤;沿程1/3至1/2段最大;5倍碳源时反硝化强度最高,3倍碳源次之,不加碳源最低;但系统的反硝化强度普遍较高,保持了良好的脱氮效果. 相似文献