烟花爆竹引发重大火灾

沈阳皇朝万鑫国际大厦火灾 事件背景： 2011年2月3日零时13分,兔年的钟声刚刚敲响．位于沈阳市和平区青年大街390号的皇朝万鑫酒店发生火灾,火灾因燃放烟花引燃酒店B座楼体外墙表面装饰材料所致,过火面积约1万余平方米。但由于建筑物太高,     

Wall losses of oxygenated volatile organic compounds from oxidation of toluene: Effects of chamber volume and relative humidity

Vapor wall losses can affect the yields of secondary organic aerosol. The effects of surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio and relative humidity (RH) on the vapor-wall interactions were investigated in this study. The oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were generated from toluene-H₂O₂ irradiations. The average gas to wall loss rate constant (k_gw) of OVOCs in a 400 L reactor (S/V = 7.5 m⁻¹) is 2.47 (2.41 under humid conditions) times higher than that in a 5000 L reactor (S/V = 3.6 m⁻¹) under dry conditions. In contrast, the average desorption rate constant (k_wg) of OVOCs in 400 L reactor is only 1.37 (1.20 under humid conditions) times higher than that in 5000 L reactor under dry conditions. It shows that increasing the S/V ratio can promote the wall losses of OVOCs. By contrast, the RH effect on k_gw is not prominent. The average k_gw value under humid conditions is almost the same as under dry conditions in the 400 L (5000 L) reactor. However, increasing RH can decrease the desorption rates. The average k_wg value under dry conditions is 1.45 (1.27) times higher than that under humid conditions in the 400 L (5000 L) reactor. The high RH can increase the partitioning equilibrium timescales and enhance the wall losses of OVOCs.     

多层频率选择表面复合吸波结构的研究

文中采用一种快速求解方法——半解析半数值法计算多层频率选择表面(Frequency Selective Surface,简称FSS)复合结构的反射系数,然后结合具体两层复合结构的实例通过测试验证了半解析半数值法的正确性,并基于复合结构吸波材料吸波频带窄的缺点,在此基础上,设计出一种新的圆形FSS复合结构吸波材料。计算和测试结果都表明,这种新的复合结构在较宽带宽内具有低反射系数。     

大功率中短波广播天线电磁辐射的预测与防护

随着城镇密集度越来越高,大功率电磁辐射设备如大功率中短波天线不可避免的与建筑越来越近,因而对室内的电磁环境污染逐步加剧。电磁辐射造成的危害通常包括对人体健康的危害(健康效应)和干扰其他电磁设备而造成严重后果(电磁干扰)。针对大功率中短波天线造成的电磁环境污染问题,提出一套远场条件下电磁辐射的预测方法并成功预测了一个典型大功率中短波天线群附近的拟建项目区域的电磁环境,在此基础上,提出有效的针对拟建项目的电磁防护方案。     

New fetal cardiac imaging techniques

Rapid advances in graphics computing and micro-engineering have offered new techniques for prenatal cardiac imaging. Some of them can be non-invasively applied to both clinical and laboratory settings, including dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography, myocardial Doppler imaging, harmonic ultrasound imaging, and B-flow sonography. With clinical constraints, a few others have been mainly used in laboratories, such as endoscopic ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and biomicroscopy. Appropriate use and co-use of these new tools will not only provide unique information for better clinical assessment of fetal cardiac disease but also offer new ways to improved understanding of cardiovascular development and pathogenesis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于边际机会成本理论的农地价格矫正研究——以江都市为例

当前我国农地非农化进程的加快使农地资源价值显化问题凸现出来，但在现行的政策与制度框架内，农地价格严重扭曲，不能完全表达农地的真正价值。社会经济的不断发展要求农地资源能合理配置并达到可持续利用，因此要实现这一目标，就必须建立一套完整的农地价值核算体系与农地价格体系，并对现行扭曲的农地价格进行矫正。本文通过理论与实证分析，利用边际成本定价的方法探讨体现农地真正价值的农地完全价格，并通过这一价格将农地的资源价值纳入整个绿色GDP核算体系中，这也是本文提出的政策性建议之一。     

Mechanism of lead immobilization by oxalic acid-activated phosphate rocks

Lead (Pb) chemical fixation is an important environmental aspect for human health. Phosphate rocks (PRs) were utilized as an adsorbent to remove Pb from aqueous solution. Raw PRs and oxalic acid-activated PRs (APRs) were used to investigate the effect of chemical modification on the Pb-binding capacity in the pH range 2.0-5.0. The Pb adsorption rate of all treatments above pH 3.0 reached 90%. The Pb binding on PRs and APRs was pH-independent, except at pH 2.0 in activated treatments. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the raw PRs formed cerussite after reacting with the Pb solution, whereas the APRs formed pyromorphite. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that carbonate (CO₃^2-) in raw PRs and phosphate (PO₄^3-) groups in APRs played an important role in the Pb-binding process. After adsorption, anomalous block-shaped particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data further indicated that both chemical and physical reactions occurred during the adsorption process according to the binding energy. Because of lower solubility of pyromorphite compared to cerussite, the APRs are more effective in immobilizing Pb than that of PRs.     

砷暴露诱导小鼠空肠结构损伤和免疫紊乱

以C57BL/6雄性小鼠为受试动物,研究慢性饮水型砷(As)暴露对肠道的损伤效应及作用机制.小鼠饮用含5 mg·L~(-1)或50 mg·L~(-1) As的亚砷酸钠(NaAsO_2)水溶液6个月后,检测空肠组织的氧化应激指标、病理学改变、免疫相关基因表达及黏膜杯状细胞数量.结果发现,As组小鼠空肠组织的超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力显著下降,脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量显著升高;空肠黏膜受到侵蚀,上皮吸收细胞排列紊乱,部分肠绒毛脱落.氧化应激指标及病理学改变呈现剂量依赖性.5 mg·L~(-1) As组免疫相关基因TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5和IL-13的mRNA水平显著升高,黏膜杯状细胞数量显著增加;50 mg·L~(-1)As组TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-4显著下调表达,IL-5和IL-13的表达水平及黏膜杯状细胞数量无显著变化.结果表明,慢性饮水型As暴露诱导小鼠空肠氧化损伤及组织结构改变的同时可能诱发了肠道免疫紊乱.As暴露引起的黏膜损伤可能与As诱导空肠的氧化损伤相关.     

北京市人群尿液中羟基多环芳烃的影响因素

于2016年11、12月以北京市3个典型区域的431名普通居民为研究对象,平均年龄（62.80±10.42）岁.以液相色谱联合质谱检测人群尿液中2-OHNap、1-OHNap、2-OHFul、1+9-OHPhe、2-OHPhe、3-OHPhe、4-OHPhe及1-OHPyr浓度水平,并对研究人群进行问卷调查.结果表明,全部人群尿液中2-OHNap、1-OHNap、2-OHFul、∑OHPhe、1-OHPyr浓度中位数水平分别为2.99,3.46,4.24,1.49,0.35μg/g Cr.Logistics回归分析显示,吸烟者尿液中2-OHNap、1-OHNap、2-OHFul、1-OHPyr发生高浓度的可能性分别是不吸烟者的9.83,6.32,4.51,1.89倍;年龄组每增加一个等级,导致2-OHNap、1-OHNap、∑OHPhe、1-OHPyr发生高浓度的可能性分别增加了0.48,0.44,0.31,0.46倍;教育程度每增加一个等级,导致2-OHFul发生高浓度的可能性降低了0.44倍.相关性分析显示,人体尿液中2-OHNap的浓度与环境空气中的萘的浓度呈正相关关系.人体尿液中2-OHNap主要来源于城市空气中的萘.影响北京市典型区域人群尿样中羟基多环芳烃浓度升高的主要因素为吸烟、年龄增高以及受教育程度较低.     

Characteristics of volatile organic compounds, NO2, and effects on ozone formation at a site with high ozone level in Chengdu

Chengdu is a megacity in the southwest of China with high ozone (O₃) mixing ratio. Observation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NO₂ and O₃ with high temporal resolution was conducted in Chengdu to investigate the chemical processes and causes of high O₃ levels. The hourly mixing ratios of VOCs, NO₂, and O₃ were monitored by an online system from 28 August to 7 October, 2016. According to meteorological conditions, Chengdu, with relative warm weather and low wind speed, is favorable to O₃ formation. Part of the O₃ in Chengdu may be transported from the downtown area. In O₃ episodes, the average mixing ratios of NO₂ and O₃ were 20.20?ppbv and 47.95?ppbv, respectively. In non-O₃ episodes, the average mixing ratios of NO₂ and O₃ were 16.38?ppbv and 35.15?ppbv, respectively. The average mixing ratio of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 40.29?ppbv in non-O₃ episodes, which was lower than that in O₃ episodes (53.19?ppbv). Alkenes comprised 51.7% of the total O₃ formation potential (OFP) in Chengdu, followed by aromatics which accounted for 24.2%. Ethylene, trans-pentene, propene, and BTEX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene) were also major contributors to the OFP in Chengdu. In O₃ episodes, intensive secondary formations were observed during the campaign. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), such as acetone, Methylethylketone (MEK), and Methylvinylketone (MVK) were abundant. Isoprene rapidly converted to MVK and Methacrolein (MACR) during O₃ episodes. Acetone was mainly the oxidant of C3-C5 hydrocarbons.