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71.
Jörg Matschullat Tim Scharnweber Dieter Garbe-Schönberg Annette Walther Volkmar Wirth 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1201-1211
ABSTRACT Epilithic lichen (Xanthoria elegans in Canada, Lecanora muralis in Germany) were gathered from 17 locations in Ontario, Canada (from Lake Ontario to James Bay) and 43 locations in Germany (from the Alps to the North Sea and from the Baltic Sea to the Erzgebirge). Sample aliquots were digested in nitric acid and trace elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrom-etry techniques. The organohalogens were determined as absorbable organic halogens (AOXs) by coulometry. Concentration ranges from Germany for trace element samples and AOXs were determined. The lichen showed high spatial resolution in their element enrichment patterns. This allowed for differentiation between natural and anthropogenic dominance in ambient air concentrations. This biomonitoring method has proven to be very sensitive, fast, and reliable. No clear relationship could be found between trace element and AOX concentrations. The AOX values may reflect individual metabolic rates of the fungal partner in lichen symbionts. 相似文献
72.
Microbial degradation of benzene under anaerobic conditions plays an important role in remediation of contaminated sites but the microorganisms and metabolic pathways involved remain poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated degradation of benzene by a methanogenic enrichment culture obtained from non-contaminated lotus field soil, alone and in the presence of several putative metabolic intermediates, that is, toluene, benzoate and phenol. Using stable isotope (13C) labeled substrate, benzene was shown to be degraded almost completely to equimolar concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide, without detectable accumulation of extracellular metabolites. Concurrently, toluene, benzoate and phenol were also effectively mineralized, but probably by microorganisms other than the benzene degraders. The latter included Hasda-A, which is putative benzene-degrading deltaproteobacterium present in the culture. While toluene and benzoate did not affect benzene degradation, phenol had a moderate inhibitory effect although it was not a major metabolic intermediate of benzene in our culture. Finally, 4-hydroxycoumarin was detected as a compound formed from phenol but further experiments are required to elucidate its relationship to degradation of phenol. 相似文献
73.
74.
A universal method to assess the potential of phosphorus loss from soil to aquatic ecosystems 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pöthig Rosemarie Behrendt Horst Opitz Dieter Furrer Gerhard 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(2):497-504
Background, aim, and scope
Phosphorus loss from terrestrial to the aquatic ecosystems contributes to eutrophication of surface waters. To maintain the world's vital freshwater ecosystems, the reduction of eutrophication is crucial. This needs the prevention of overfertilization of agricultural soils with phosphorus. However, the methods of risk assessment for the P loss potential from soils lack uniformity and are difficult for routine analysis. Therefore, the efficient detection of areas with a high risk of P loss requires a simple and universal soil test method that is cost effective and applicable in both industrialized and developing countries. 相似文献75.
76.
Dieter Jendrossek Ingrid Knoke Rahim Bahodjb Habibian Alexander Steinbüchel Hans Günter Schlegel 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(1):53-63
Bacteria capable of growing on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, as the sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from various soils, lake water, activated sludge, and air. Although all bacteria utilized a wide variety of monomeric substrates for growth, most of the strains were restricted to degrade PHB and copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate, P(3HB-co-3HV). Five strains were also able to decompose a homopolymer of 3-hydroxyvalerate, PHV. Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate), PHO, was not degraded by any of the isolates. One strain, which was identified asComamonas sp., was selected, and the extracellular depolymerase of this strain was purified from the medium by ammonium sulfate precipitation and by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and Butyl-Sepharose 4B. The purified PHB depolymerase was not a glycoprotein. The relative molecular masses of the native enzyme and of the subunits were 45,000 or 44,000, respectively. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed PHB, P(3HB-co-3HV), and—at a very low rate—also PHV. Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA, with six or more carbon atoms per monomer or characteristic substrates for lipases were not hydrolyzed. In contrast to the PHB depolymerases ofPseudomonas lemoignei andAlcaligenes faecalis T1, which are sensitive toward phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and which hydrolyze PHB mainly to the dimeric and trimeric esters of 3-hydroxybutyrate, the depolymerase ofComamonas sp. was insensitive toward PMSF and hydrolyzed PHB to monomeric 3-hydroxybutyrate indicating a different mechanism of PHB hydrolysis. Furthermore, the pH optimum of the reaction catalyzed by the depolymerase ofComamonas sp. was in the alkaline range at 9.4. 相似文献
77.
Renat Heuberger Alan Brent Luis Santos Christoph Sutter Dieter Imboden 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2007,9(1):33-48
Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, industrialised countries may finance greenhouse gases mitigation
projects in developing countries. The Kyoto Protocol explicitly requires that the CDM shall assist developing countries to
achieve sustainable development. However, a clear definition of sustainability for CDM projects is still debatable. MATA-CDM
(Multi-Attributive Assessment of CDM Projects) is an approach that facilitates a quantitative assessment of potential projects
regarding their contribution to sustainable development. This paper presents applications of MATA-CDM in two different countries.
In South Africa, the application was done mainly for academic and demonstrative purposes, whereas in Uruguay it was implemented
together with the responsible Designated National Authority (DNA). The work in both countries included the selection of sustainability
criteria and measurable indicators. Experts weighted the criteria using personal interviews and a multi-stakeholder workshop.
This method was applied to three potential CDM projects in South Africa and one in Uruguay. Results show that under the conditions
of this study, the MATA-CDM approach yet fails to yield a perfect quantitative overall sustainability assessment of CDM projects
but that several findings could be useful to further develop the approach with the aim to translate the vague term sustainable development to a mainstream project level. Valuable experience was in particular collected with different stakeholder processes to perform
criteria weighting. 相似文献
78.
Dieter Zissler 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1966,53(21):561-561
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