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101.
This work, on the ashes from the wastewater treatment plant of Galindo (Vizcaya, Spain), has been outlined with the purpose of finding their physico-chemical properties and suggesting possible applications. Ashes contain important quantities of iron, calcium, silica, alumina and phosphates. X-Ray diffraction data make it possible to estimate the mineralogical compositions of the original ashes and also, after thermal treatment at 1200 and 1300 degrees C, the main reactions occurring in thermal treatment. Particle size analysis makes it possible to classify ashes as a very fine powdered material. The thermal treatment leads to a densification of the material and provokes losses of weight mainly due to the elimination of water, carbon dioxide and sulphur trioxide. Application tests show that ashes are not suitable for landfill and similar applications, because of their plastic properties. Testing for pozzolanic character, after the ashes had been heated at 1200 degrees C, did not lead to a strong material probably due to low contents in silica and alumina or to requiring a higher heating temperature. Thermal treatment leads to densification of the material with a considerable increase of compressive strength of the probes. The use of additives (clays and powdered glass) to improve ceramic properties of ashes will be the aim of a future work. 相似文献
102.
Photodegradation studies of the organophosphorous insecticide methidathion in thin layers of wet soil samples have been carried out under solar irradiation. Soil samples consisted of an agricultural soil added with two amendments: a municipal biosolid and the cationic surfactant TDTMA (tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide). Dark controls of the different soil treatments were also considered. Soil and biosolid samples were previously autoclaved to eliminate biotic degradation. In this study we investigated the role of these amendments in methidathion photodegradation which is a rapid (<7 days) and indirect process. Although scarce differences were found between non-amended and amended samples, methidathion from soil exposed under sunlight is degraded more quickly than in dark conditions. Photodegradation products (methidathion oxon GS 13007 and GS 12956) were not detected. 相似文献
103.
J. Ojeda Zújar L. Borgniet A. M. Pérez Romero J. F. Loder 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2002,8(1):69-76
This contribution deals with the use of different sources of data (field surveys with total station and GPS, air photographs
and topographic maps) as well as their integrated digital treatment in a GIS context to quantify the morphological changes
in a ridge of coastal dunes in the southwest of Spain. The results show very high and increm enting rates of foredune retreat
significant losses of foredune surface and a clear negative sedimentary balance (lowering and inland migration) in its recent
evolution (1979–1996). Two processes can explain this evolution: (1) marine erosion and (2) the reactivation of aeolian deflation.
The combined use of GPS (code/phase) and soft-copy photogrammetry seem to provide the best for monitoring future changes. 相似文献
104.
A.I. Menndez A.M. Romero A.M. Folcia M.A. Martínez-Ghersa 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2010,135(1-2):10-14
Aphid attacks and tropospheric ozone (O3) cause stress and considerable damage in both wild and cultivated plants. Induced defense responses to aphid attacks and O3 exposure share signaling pathways with common points. We investigated the plant–aphid interaction under O3 exposure using open-top O3 chambers. Ozone leaf injury was lower in aphid-infested plants than in aphid-free plants, although herbivore damage was not evident. Aphid population growth was strongly affected by previous exposure to O3 but no direct effect of O3 was observed. The possibility that during O3 episodes, herbivores may reduce O3 damage on host plants and that the offspring of the exposed aphids have lower population growth rates opens new and intriguing questions about potential effects of future increased tropospheric O3 levels on plant–insect interactions. 相似文献
105.
Patricia Prado Catherine J. Collier Javier Romero Teresa Alcoverro 《Marine Biology》2011,158(7):1473-1482
Herbivory is now recognized as an important structuring agent in seagrass meadows but the attack pattern and tissue damage
of consumers are highly variable. Nutritional preferences of herbivores and/or easy access to resources may cause differences
in biomass loss among tissues that damage the plant in functionally distinctive ways. The two main Mediterranean herbivores,
the fish Sarpa salpa (L.) and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmk.), remove higher amounts of intermediate and external shoot leaves, respectively. To test whether this selective feeding
can have different consequences on the allocation patterns of nutrient within plants, we simulated the effect of both herbivores
by clipping external and intermediate leaves (plus unclipped controls) of Posidonia oceanica (L.) and we measured plant tolerance in terms of shoot growth and leaf nutrient supply to new tissue using isotopic markers.
As expected, control treatments displayed high carbon and nutrient supply from external leaves (83% of the total 15N and 84% of the total 13C incorporated by the shoot). When subjected to clipping, the remaining leaves enhanced carbon and nitrogen supply compared
with the control by 16% of N and 36% of C—in the intermediate clipping—and by over 100% of N and 200% of C—in the external
clipping—to compensate for the nutrient lost. However, only in the case of fish herbivory (intermediate clipping), enhanced
supply alone was able to fully compensate for the nutrient losses. In contrast, this mechanism is not completely effective
when external leaves are clipped (urchin herbivory). Yet, the consequences of this nutrient loss under sea urchin herbivory
are not apparent from the nutrient content of the new tissue, suggesting that there are other sources of nitrogen income (uptake
or reallocation from rhizomes). Our study does not only confirm the tolerance of P. oceanica to herbivory, but also constitutes the first evidence of leaf-specific, compensatory nutrient supply in seagrasses. 相似文献
106.
Fish as indicators of disturbance in streams used for snorkeling activities in a tourist region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A set of metrics that reflect various aspects of population and fish community structure in streams used for snorkeling was
evaluated in the tourist region of Bodoquena Plateau, Brazil, with the purpose of biomonitoring the impacts of such activities.
Observations were made while snorkeling in two sites (active = with tourism; inactive = without tourism) and along the gradient
of daily tourist activity (before, during and after the passage of tourists) in two streams. Five metrics discriminated active
from inactive sites: (i) the abundance of Crenicichla lepidota and (ii) the incidence of reproductive activity in Crenicichla lepidota which were greater in inactive sites, regardless the gradient of daily tourist activity; (iii) the feeding pattern of Prochilodus lineatus, which differed among sites and along the gradient of daily tourist activity; (iv) the abundance of Moenkhausia bonita, which was higher in the active sites and significantly increased along the gradient of daily tourist activity in one stream
but decrease along the gradient in other stream; (v) the abundance of Hyphessobrycon eques, which was greater in inactive sites, regardless the gradient of daily tourist activity. With the exception of metric “iv”,
the metrics were mediated by the reduction in habitat structural complexity due to snorkeling disturbance. The definition
of these metrics is relevant because the degradation of ecosystem structural elements is one of the main impacts of recreational
activities on aquatic environments. The easy recognition of target species and high water transparency throughout the year
ensures the feasibility of these metrics in monitoring programs and may be applied by technicians after quick guides and training. 相似文献
107.
Farías Torbidoni EI 《Environmental management》2011,47(3):482-496
Planning and management for recreational activities in protected areas involves an understanding of many complex factors.
Segmentation of recreation demand and of the main physical or sporting activities can contribute to the design of more efficient
management strategies, which may help to maintain or significantly enhance satisfaction with the recreation experience, and
this in turn could improve the interest in and appreciation of the natural environment. The current study examined the motivations
of hikers in three small Natura 2000 protected areas. It establishes a typology or categorization as a contribution to better
management based on a survey conducted through on-site personal interviews with a representative sample of 569 hikers. Through
an analysis of the principal intervening components by means of cluster analysis, we identified three groups of hikers based
on three motivational dimensions: (1) nature-minded hikers, (2) sporting hikers and (3) general-purpose hikers. The most striking
results were the significant differences among group variables related to visit behaviour (frequency and duration of visits
and number of people per group), previous knowledge (protection status of the areas) and recreational frequentation (trail
categories and protected areas visited). A positive correlation between the degree of sympathy for nature and the degree of
satisfaction with the recreational experience (including positive evaluation of the public facilities, signposting and services
offered) was also observed. The results are discussed in terms of their applicability and implications in hiking management
in protected natural areas such as those of Natura 2000. 相似文献
108.
Luciano Gomes Estela P. Troiani Jorge Nozaki 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):489-498
The contribution of wastewater from a tannery industry to the pollution of a stream was investigated. The main parameters studied were biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, chromium, dissolved oxygen, fecal and total coliforms, nitrogen, oils and greases, pH, phosphorous, sulfides, suspended solids, turbidity, and volatile solids. Three sampling points were located: (1) at the discharge point of tannery wastewater, (2) 50 m upstream, and (3) 80 m downstream of discharge point. Also was investigated the pollution at the stream source. 相似文献
109.
Esperanza Ortiz-Ordoñez Eugenia López-López Jacinto Elías Sedeño-Díaz Esther Urí Ignacio Andrés Morales María Estela Pérez Mineko Shibayama 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(8):156-164
Lacustrine sediments accumulate pollutants that input from the lake watershed and can be released to the water column by sediment resuspension; thus, pollutants can change their bioavailability and exert adverse effects to aquatic biota. Shallow-urban lakes are particularly susceptible to receive pollutants from urban discharges and sediment resuspension. Lake Xochimilco, in Mexico City, an urban-shallow lake, faces multiple problems: urban sprawl, overexploitation of aquifers, drying of springs, discharge of wastewater from treatment plants, and sediment resuspension. The aquatic biota living in this ecosystem is continuously exposed to the release of pollutants from the sediments. We assessed the risk that pollutants released from sediments from Lake Xochimilco, Touristic (TZ) and Agriculture zone (AZ), can exert on a native amphibian species of the lake (Ambystoma mexicanum) through exposure bioassays to sediment elutriates. We evaluate alterations in the amphibian by three approaches: biochemical (level of lipid peroxidation, LPO), cellular (ultrastructure) and the liver histology of A. mexicanum and we compare them with a batch control. Additionally, we assessed heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in elutriates. Elutriates from TZ showed the highest concentrations of the metals assessed. Organisms exposed to sediment elutriates from either study sites showed higher LPO values than control organisms (p < 0.05). Organisms exposed to elutriates from the TZ showed the most conspicuous damages: hepatic vasodilation of sinusoids, capillaries with erythrocytes, leukocyte infiltration and cytoplasmic vacuolation in hepatocytes. The biological responses assessed reflected the risk that faces A. mexicanum when is exposed for prolonged periods to sediment resuspension in Lake Xochimilco. 相似文献
110.
Construction and demolition waste as recycled aggregate for environmentally friendly concrete paving
Contreras Llanes Manuel Romero Pérez Maximina Gázquez González Manuel Jesús Bolívar Raya Juan Pedro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(7):9826-9840
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recycled aggregates (RA) from construction and demolition waste (CDW) instead of natural aggregates (NA) were analysed in the manufacture of new... 相似文献