图书馆书库清点方法初探

图书馆藏书大多存在实物与财产登记不符的状况,如情况较为严重则会影响到图书馆流通、采访等项工作的开展,因此适时进行书库清点具有重要意义。本文以中国环境管理干部学院图书馆的清点为实例,初步探讨了将条码作为清点切入点的书库清点工作的方法、步骤和注意事项。     

The removal of hydrogen sulfide in solution by ferric and alum water treatment residuals

This work investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide adsorption by ferric and alum water treatment residuals (FARs) in solution. The results indicated that FARs had a high hydrogen sulfide adsorption capacity. pH 7 rather than higher pH (e.g. pH 8-10) was favorable for hydrogen sulfide removal. The Yan model fitted the breakthrough curves better than the Thomas model under varied pH values and concentrations. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and the total pore volume of the FARs decreased after the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide. In particular, the volume of pores with a radius of 3-5 nm decreased, while the volume of pores with a radius of 2 nm increased. Therefore, it was inferred that new adsorption sites were generated during the adsorption process. The pH of the FARs increased greatly after adsorption. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that elemental sulfur was present in the FARs, while the derivative thermal gravimetry curves indicated the presence of sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid. These results indicated that both oxidization and ligand exchange contribute to the removal of hydrogen sulfide by FARs. Under anaerobic conditions, the maximum amount of hydrogen sulfide released was approximately 0.026 mg g(-1), which was less than 0.19% of the total amount adsorbed by the FARs. The hydrogen sulfide that was released may be re-adsorbed by the FARs and transformed into more stable mineral forms. Therefore, FARs are an excellent adsorbent for hydrogen sulfide.     

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in schwertmannite/oxalate suspension under UV irradiation

Introduction

Schwertmannite was synthesized through an oxidation of FeSO₄ by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5 cell suspension at an initial pH?2.5 and 28°C for 3?days and characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The schwertmannite photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) by oxalate was investigated at different initial pH values, concentrations of schwertmannite, oxalate, and MO.

Results

The results demonstrated that photodegradation of MO in the presence of schwertmannite or oxalate alone was very weak. However, the removal of MO was significantly enhanced when schwertmannite and oxalate coexisted in the reaction system. Low pH (4 or less) was beneficial to the degradation of MO. The optimal doses of schwertmannite and oxalate were 0.2?g?L^?1 and 2?mM, respectively. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and Fe(II), the intermediate products, were also examined during the reaction to explore their correlation with the degradation of MO.

Conclusion

A possible mechanism for the photocatalytic decomposition of MO in the study was proposed. The formation of Fe(III)-oxalate complexes on the surface of schwertmannite was a precursor of H₂O₂ and Fe(II) production, further leading to the yield of ·OH responsible for the decomposition of MO.     

企业粉尘职业危害监督量化分级管理指标体系的筛选

目的是建立粉尘职业卫生监督量化分级管理指标体系,为企业的粉尘职业危害防治提供依据。对象与方法是以59名国内职业卫生领域专家为研究对象。通过编制的调查表,让专家依据各指标的重要程度打分。国内职业卫生领域符合条件的专家以电子邮件方式发送调查问卷70份,收回调查表59份。利用变异系数法,计算每一指标的平均分、变异系数和满分比,评价信度和效度,最终筛选确定粉尘企业职业危害监督量化分级管理的指标体系。结果如下,59名专家积极系数84.3%,8项一级指标和69项二级指标的平均值均超过2.5,变异系数均在50%以下,满分比均介于0-1之间,8项一级指标的克朗巴赫值均大于0.6,相关系数介于0.249-0.705之间。除预防措施和粉尘危害项目存在的问题外,其余均具有统计学意义。结论为企业粉尘职业危害监督量化分级管理指标体系经筛选包括8项一级指标和69项二级指标。     

金属丝棉结构在电焊烟尘处理中的过滤性能研究

电焊烟尘对人危害极大,必须加以净化才能排放到空气中.然而电焊作业烟尘量极大,由于过滤效率低,导致小型移动式电焊除尘器应用受到限制.为了更好地利用移动式除尘器净化电焊烟尘,研究高效过滤材料变得非常重要.通过数值模拟金属丝绵的除尘效率、过滤压力损失及残余压降等影响过滤性能的因素,将金属丝绵应用于移动式除尘器.为了更好地发挥...     

某矿区煤矸石山重金属潜在生态危害性研究

为了弄清煤矸石山周围重金属污染程度,对煤矸石山周围的样品进行分析,通过Hakanson的重金属潜在生态危害指数法,对峰峰矿区煤矸石山周围环境中重金属的潜在危害性进行评价,结果说明矸石山周围存在生态风险,但风险程度为低水平.     

不同扰动方式对底泥/水系统中生物有效磷的影响

为了解底泥扰动对水体磷迁移转化的影响,通过模拟试验研究了底泥不同扰动方式(间歇扰动、持续扰动)下上覆水中生物有效磷(BAP)及其组成的变化规律.结果表明,间歇扰动作用下,在24～216h和216～624 h之间,BAP分别稳定在0.09mg·L-1和0.052 mg·L-1.显著低于初始状态(0.679 mg·L-1);持续扰动作用下,BAP在第6 h达到最大值(2.437mg·L-1),随后下降,24h后稳定在0.759mg·L-1.但其组成以颗粒态生物有效磷(BAPP)为主(超过93%).间歇扰动作用下,溶解性总磷(TDP)占BAP的百分比下降了约10%,而无扰动试验中,该值有所增加.说明扰动促进了TDP向BAPP的转化,降低了水体富营养化的直接风险.     

东平湖底泥重金属形态分析及污染现状评价

采集了东平湖13个主要监测点的底泥,测定、分析了东平湖底泥中的部分重金属质量比及形态分布,并对底泥重金属污染现状进行评价.结果显示,底泥中4种重金属Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd的质量比分别为84.55～161.82 mg/kg、12.77～30.68 mg/kg、30.64～69.26mg/kg、3.51～16.98mg/kg.运用潜在生态危害评价对底泥中重金属的质量比进行评价,结果表明,Cd污染最严重,13个采样点的潜在生态危害系数均高于320,属于极强生态危害;Cu、Zn、Pb的潜在生态危害系数均低于40,属于轻微生态危害.4种金属污染由大到小的顺序为Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn.东平湖底泥中Cu、Zn、Pb的形态以残渣态为主,因而重金属在底泥中的稳定性高,Cd酸溶态含量较高,容易释放到水体,造成二次污染.     

灵泉露天矿残煤回采边坡稳定性分析与评价

为了保证灵泉露天煤矿残煤回采时边坡安全,对其边坡稳定性进行了分析与评价.根据灵泉露天煤矿东帮边坡各剖面实际揭露分层物料各自物理力学性质,应用边坡数值计算软件计算模拟灵泉露天煤矿东帮边坡的稳定性.结果表明,东帮最终帮坡边坡角为32°～35°,能够保证残煤回采时边坡的安全性.同时,对影响灵泉露天煤矿东帮边坡稳定性的主要因素进行了分析评价.结果表明,粉砂岩容易吸水,但含水率的增加对C、φ值的影响幅度小于泥岩,泥岩不易吸水,亦不易排水,但含水率对泥岩的影响幅度大.因此,在采矿过程中应加强露天矿疏干排水工作,以使边坡岩体保持较高强度,从而保证边坡安全.     

大口径未爆弹销毁安全距离研究

为保证大口径未爆弹销毁作业中人员的安全,从理论上研究了未爆弹销毁安全距离。根据破片的理论初速、破片杀伤判据、杀伤破片的飞散距离,得到防破片安全距离的计算公式;根据冲击波理论,得到防冲击波安全距离的计算公式;根据防破片安全距离和防冲击波安全距离,从理论上确定未爆弹销毁时的警戒安全距离和防护掩体设置距离。以某大口径未爆弹为例进行实例分析,确定了其相应的警戒安全距离和防护掩体设置距离。研究结果表明:该未爆弹销毁时警戒安全距离主要考虑破片,与GJB5120—2002的结果进行比较,认为GJB5120—2002的结果过于保守。